CO2 mineral storage in basalt(Ⅰ):Technology and application conditions
CO2 mineral storage in basalt(CMSB),as an effective approach for carbon capture,use and storage(CCUS)in basaltic regions,has been proven feasible through the Wallula project in the US and the Carbfix project in Iceland.In China,several feasibility studies on CMSB have been conducted.However,in China there is currently a lack of systematic and detailed reports on this technology,and existing gaps and misunderstandings on the details and application conditions of the two technologies need to be clarified.According to existing information,the Wallula technology involves the injection of supercritical CO2 into basaltic reservoirs,effectively transplanting carbon storage technology from sedimentary rocks to basalts.While this method is technologically mature,it requires reservoir depths greater than 800 meters and the presence of effective caprocks.In contrast,the Carbfix technology seeks to emulate and accelerate natural basalt weathering processes by injecting CO2 solution into basaltic reservoirs.The injected solution is kept below CO2 solubility at reservoir conditions to avoid potential degassing.Thus,within the reservoir CO2 is stored only in soluble and mineralized forms,virtually eliminating the risk of leakage,and thereby eliminating the need for caprocks.The Carbfix technology does not require the reservoir depths greater than 800 m.However,it requires the reservoir depths greater than 250 m below the local water level in order to obtain optimal balance between storage capacity and the quantity of injected water.In comparison,the Wallula technology may achieve high-rate and large-capacity single-well storage,but with higher cost.It would be suitable for largescale projects in basaltic areas to reduce the cost through scale-effect.While the Carbfix technology has broader applicability and lower cost,but limited single-well storage capacity and requires substantial water supply.Thus it favorites near-sourced small-scaled storage,or larger-scaled storage though clusters of multiple injection wells.
CO2 mineral storage in basaltcarbon capture,use,and storage(CCUS)carbon storage technologysupercritical CO2 injection technologysoluble CO2 injection technologyWallula technologyCarbfix technology
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