Nutrient reduction by a novel phosphorus inactivation agent Zeofixer? at whole lake scale in typical regional lakes of China
In-situ inactivation is an important method for nutrient control in lakes.However,most of the published studies were conducted in laboratories,which could not reflect their practical effectiveness.In this study,the performance of a novel silicon-based phosphorus inactivation agent,Zeofixer®,was investaged.The adsorption capacities of Zeofixer® to phosphorus and ammonia were measured,and its nutrient control effects in four landscape lakes distributed different regions in our country were examined.The stability of the controlling effect was also evaluated.The results indicated only 0.003 8％of La3+released from Zeofixer®,which was much lower than that of the Phoslock®.The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities of Zeofixer® for phosphorus and ammonia were 21.37 and 8.28 mg·g-1,respectively.After 162 days of inactivation,the concentrations of TP,TDP,and DIP in S landscape lake(located in Shanghai)decreased from 0.74,0.61,and 0.52 mg·L-1 to 0.24,0.06,and 0.01 mg·L-1,respectively.The corresponding reduction rate were 67.57％,91.80％and 98.08％,respectively.The DIP reduction effect by Zeofixer® was higher than TP and TDP.At the same time,the concentration of ammonia decreased from 1.28 mg·L-1 to 0.47 mg·L-1 with a reduction rate of 63.28％.After 10 days of inactivation,TP concentration in J,H and N landscape lakes(located in Jiangsu,Hubei,and Inner Mongolia,respectively)decreased from 0.45,0.11,and 0.10 mg·L-1 to 0.17,0.04,and 0.01 mg·L-1,and the corresponding reduction rate were 62.22％,63.63％and 90.00％,respectively.The NH4+-N concentration in H and N landscape lakes decreased from 1.47 and 0.58 mg·L-1 to 0.68 and 0.19 mg·L-1,respectively,and the reduction rate were 53.74％and 67.24％,respectively.Under the treatment by a solution with pH 13,only 8％of immobilized phosphorus released from Zeofixer®,indicating that its phosphorus immobilization effect of Zeofixer® was stable when it was re-suspended to the photic zone.
whole lake scalesilicon-based phosphorus inactivation agentnutrientreduction
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