目的 研究化工园区周边家庭室内空气中典型苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯和间+对二甲苯)和卤代烃(三氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯化碳和四氯乙烯)的污染特征、来源和健康风险.方法 选择西南某典型化工园区周边区域为研究对象,通过气相色谱-质谱联用的方法对区域15户家庭连续3年室内空气中夏、冬两季样品进行分析.结果 园区附近居民室内空气中苯系物和卤代烃(benzene series and halocarbons,BSHs)普遍检出,浓度范围分别为2.35～6.68 µg/m3和0.26～7.43 µg/m3,四氯化碳和四氯乙烯的浓度超过了《国际WELL健康建筑标准TM第2版》的标准限值.室内空气中BSHs既有室内来源,也有室外传输.对于单个污染物而言,四氯乙烯无明显的致癌风险,苯、乙苯、三氯乙烯和四氯化碳存在可接受的致癌风险,三氯甲烷存在不可接受的致癌风险,甲苯、邻二甲苯和间+对二甲苯均无明显的非致癌风险,但污染物累计致癌风险超过了风险阈值.结论 化工园区附近室内空气中BSHs普遍检出,来源复杂,其风险值得长期关注.
Pollution characteristics,sources and health risks of benzene series and halocarbons in indoor air in surroundings of a chemical park in southwest China
Objective To understand the pollution characteristics,sources,and health risks of typical benzene series(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,o-xylene and m+p-xylene)and halocarbons(trichloromethane,trichloroethylene,tetrachloromethane and tetrachloroethylene)in the indoor air of households around a chemical park.Methods A sensitive area around a typical chemical industry park in southwest China was chosen as the research area,and the indoor air samples were collected from 15 households in summer and winter for three consecutive years and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results Benzene series and halocarbons(BSHs)were generally detected in the indoor air of the surrounding households in the typical chemical park,and the concentration ranges were 2.35-6.68 μg/m3 and 0.26-7.43 μg/m3,respectively.The concentrations of tetrachloromethane and tetrachloroethylene exceeded the international standard limits of the WELL Building StandardTM version 2.The sources of BSHs in indoor air include both indoor sources and outdoor transmission.For single pollutants,tetrachloroethylene showed no significant carcinogenic risks.Benzene,ethylbenzene,trichloroethylene and tetrachloromethane showed acceptable carcinogenic risks,and chloroform showed unacceptable carcinogenic risks.There were no significant non-carcinogenic risks for toluene,o-xylene and m+p-xylene.However,the cumulative carcinogenic risk of pollutants reached an unacceptable level.Conclusion BSHs are commonly detected in indoor air near the chemical parks with complex sources and the risk of BSHs near the chemical park deserves long-term attention.
Chemical parkIndoor airBenzene seriesHalocarbonsHealth risks
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