摘要
目的 对河北省某平原县1座以南水北调中线水为水源的地表水厂进行建成后的卫生学评价.方法 于2024年7-9月依据国家法律法规、标准及规范等通过问卷与访谈、现场卫生学调查、水源卫生学评价、水处理工艺卫生学评价、水质检测及评价、专家会商等程序,评估该饮水工程在运行过程中存在的卫生学风险并提出改进建议.结果 水厂是北方地区典型的南水北调地表水厂,水厂的选址和布局、水处理工艺、输水管网、供水管理方面符合供水单位卫生规范要求,水厂设计供水能力7.5×104 m3/d,实际日供水量6.0×104m3/d,覆盖人口 53万,水厂采用混凝、沉淀、过滤、消毒的常规处理工艺,管网运行正常,漏损率10％,定期进行水源水、出厂水和末梢水的检测,2024年水质达标率为100％.结论 本饮水安全工程水量保证率≥95％、出厂水、末梢水水质达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022);水质处理设施运转正常,高峰期每日处理水量接近工程处理能力上限,易造成水处理时间不足;消毒设施缺少残液分流装置,存在消毒副产物进入水体的风险;缺少生物观测池、实验室检测能力不足、在线监测仪器未定期维护.建议做好以下工作:加强水源保护与监测,避免夏季藻类污染;加快水厂二期建设,增加水处理设施,优化水质净化、消毒工艺;加强输配水管网巡查、更新;加强在线检测设备维护加强实验室检测能力;加强卫生监管以降低风险,保障群众饮水健康.
Abstract
Objective To understand the hygienic status of a waterworks used South-to-North Water Diversion Project as the water source in a plain county of Hebei province after it built.Methods From July to September 2024,based on the related national laws,regulations,standards,the hygienic evaluation and the suggestions for improvement of this drinking water project during operation were conducted through questionnaire survey and interview,on-site hygienic investigation,water source hygienic evaluation,water treatment process evaluation,water quality test and expert consultation.Results As for this waterworks,the site selection and layout,water treatment process,water pipeline network and water supply management were in line with the requirements of hygienic specification for water supply units and coagulation,sedimentation,filtration and disinfection were used.The waterworks was designed to supply water with a capacity of 7.5×104 m3/d,and the actual daily water supply capacity was 6.0×104 m3/d,covering 530 000 people.The water plant adopts the conventional treatment process of coagulation,sedimentation,filtration and disinfection.The pipe network operated normally,with a leakage rate of 10％,and the tests of source water,finished water and terminal water were carried out regularly,with qualified rate of 100％in 2024.Conclusion The water quantity guarantee rate of this drinking water safety project is ≥95％,the operation of water quality treatment facilities is normal,the leakage rate of pipeline network is normal,the health license approval documents of water-related products are complete,and the water quality meets the requirements of drinking water safety.The current daily water treatment volume is close to the upper limit of the project's capacity,which is easy to cause insufficient time for water treatment,and a small amount of alum flowers into the clearing pool risk,and the detection capacity is insufficient,and the on-line monitoring instruments are not regularly maintained.It is recommended to do the following:strengthen the protection and monitoring of water sources to avoid algae contamination in summer,accelerate the construction of the second phase of the waterworks,increase the water treatment facilities,optimize the water purification and disinfection processes,strengthen the transmission and distribution pipeline network inspection and update,strengthen the online testing equipment maintenance and the laboratory testing capacity and strengthen the health supervision.
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