首页|2020-2022年合肥地区饮用水10种化学物质健康风险评估

2020-2022年合肥地区饮用水10种化学物质健康风险评估

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目的 定量评估合肥地区生活饮用水中砷等10种化学物质经饮水途径摄入自来水对人体健康风险,为饮用水的风险管理提供依据.方法 于2020-2022年采集合肥地区生活饮用水进行水质监测,分析砷、镉、六价铬、铝、锰、锌、氟化物、硝酸盐、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳10种化学物质的浓度水平,采用US EPA推荐的健康风险评估模型进行健康风险评估.结果 共采集2 282份水样,三氯甲烷、铝、锰、氟化物、锌等5种化学物质有不同程度超标,超标率(1.8%~0.04%).经口摄入自来水致癌总风险为7.71×10-6,其中砷和三氯甲烷致癌风险分别为5.98×10-6、1.59×10-6,以砷贡献率最高.非致癌风险为0.20,以氟化物贡献最大(0.09).三氯甲烷、硝酸盐呈逐年上升趋势.丰水期总风险高于枯水期,其中砷、铬、氟化物、三氯甲烷丰水期风险高于枯水期.总风险及三氯甲烷风险在出厂水、末梢水、二次供水依次增加.男性风险高于女性,合肥市总致癌风险大于县(市),致癌风险在6.41×10-6~8.58×10-6,各区域总风险高低主要受三氯甲烷的影响.结论 本次调查中合肥地区经饮水途径摄入自来水的有一定的致癌风险,处于可接受风险水平;非致癌风险较低,宜关注砷、三氯甲烷、氟化物治理.
Health risk of 10 chemicals in drinking water in Hefei from 2020 to 2022
Objective To understand the health risks of 10 chemicals in drinking water in Hefei and provide a basis for risk management of drinking water.Methods From 2020 to 2022,the samples of drinking water in Hefei was collected for water quality monitoring.The concentration levels of 10 chemical substances,including arsenic,cadmium,hexavalent chromium,aluminum,manganese,zinc,fluoride,nitrate,trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride,were determined.The health risk assessment model recommended by the US EPA was used for health risk assessment.Results A total of 2 282 water samples were collected,and 5 chemicals including trichloromethane,aluminum,manganese,fluoride and zinc exceeded the standard to varying degrees,with a rate of exceeding the standard(1.8%to 0.04%).The total risk of cancer caused by oral intake of tap water was 7.71 ×10-6,with arsenic and trichloromethane having carcinogenic risks of 5.98×10-6 and 1.59× 10-6,respectively,with arsenic having the highest contribution rate.The non carcinogenic risk was 0.20,with fluoride contributing the most(0.09).Trichloromethane and nitrate were showing an increasing trend year by year.The total risk during the wet season was higher than that during the dry season,with arsenic,chromium,fluoride and trichloromethane having higher risks during the wet season than during the dry season.The total risk and trichloromethane risk increased in the order of finished water,terminal water and secondary water supply.The risk for men was higher than that for women,and the total cancer risk in Hefei was higher than that in counties(cities).The cancer risk ranged from 6.41×10-6 to 8.58×10-6,and the overall risk in each region was mainly affected by trichloromethane.Conclusion In this survey,the investigated chemicals in drinking water in the Hefei area present a certain risk of cancer,however,is at an acceptable level.The non carcinogenic risk is relatively low,and more attention should be paid to the treatment of arsenic,trichloromethane and fluoride.

Drinking waterChemical substancesHealth risk assessment

张庆枝、韩旭、肖长春

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合肥市卫生健康委员会综合执法监督所,安徽 合肥 230092

中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品研究所

合肥市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科

饮用水 化学物质 健康风险评估

2024

环境与健康杂志
中华预防医学会,天津市疾病预防控制中心

环境与健康杂志

CSTPCD
影响因子:0.658
ISSN:1001-5914
年,卷(期):2024.41(11)