Health risk assessment of metals and metalloids in PM2.5 in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu province from 2016 to 2020
Objective To understand the changes and health risks of metal and metalloid elements in PM2.5 in Zhenjiang area from 2016 to 2020.Methods In the present study,423 PM2.5 samples were collected from January 2016 to December 2020,eleven elements,including Al,Mn,Ni,Cr,As,Cd,Sb,Hg,Pb,Se and Tl,were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and based on the Crystal Ball model,the health risks were assessed dynamically using Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis.Results The mean PM2.5 level was(57.7±30.8)µg/m3,with a tendency of yearly decreasing and a significant seasonal distribution variation.The concentration of 11 elements in the PM2.5 samples was(0.18±0.15)μg/m3.Al was the highest element.After 10 000 simulations,the mean value of the hazard index for eleven elements was 0.809 6.The average carcinogenic risk was 1.68 ×10-5,which indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk could be ignored and there was certain carcinogenic risk.Conclusion Considerable attention should be paid to the potential health risks associated with long-term Al and As exposure.This study provides detailed data on local atmospheric pollution characteristics,which found that the air quality had been improved in recent years.
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