Correlation of bronchial asthma and peripheral eosinophil counts with allergic or autoimmune diseases:a mendelian randomization study
Objective To understand the effect of bronchial asthma and peripheral eosinophil count on the risk of eight common allergic and autoimmune diseases.Methods The instrumental variables associated with bronchial asthma and peripheral eosinophil counts were extracted from human genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)data and ensured to satisfy the assumptions of relevance,independence and exclusivity of Mendelian randomization.In this study,four two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)methods,including inverse variance weighting(IVW),weighted median,MR-Egger,and MR-PRESSO,were applied to analyze the effects of bronchial asthma and peripheral eosinophil count on the risk of developing allergic conjunctivitis,allergic rhinitis,urticaria,eczema,psoriasis,rheumatoid arthritis,diffuse goiter,and ulcerative colitis.In addition,a multifactorial MR approach was used to assess the interaction between bronchial asthma and peripheral eosinophil count.Results Bronchial asthma significantly increased the risk of allergic conjunctivitis,allergic rhinitis,urticaria and eczema(OR=72.488,95％CI:36.955-142.187,P＜0.001;OR=280.674,95％CI:123.711-636.793,P＜0.001;OR=5.224,95％CI:2.654-10.281,P＜0.001;OR=12.960,95％CI:6.601-25.443,P＜0.001).Increased peripheral eosinophil counts were significantly(P＜0.001)associated with increased risk of allergic conjunctivitis,allergic rhinitis,eczema,and rheumatoid arthritis(OR=1.324,95％CI:1.232-1.423,P＜0.001;OR=1.491,95％CI:1.357-1.638,P＜0.001;OR=1.195,95％CI:1.127-1.268,P＜0.001;OR=1.253,95％CI:1.116-1.408,P＜0.001),and also correlated with an increased risk of urticaria and psoriasis(OR=1.100,95％CI:1.015-1.193,P=0.021;OR=1.126,95％CI:1.004-1.264,P=0.043).The effect of bronchial asthma on allergic conjunctivitis,allergic rhinitis,and eczema remained significant(P＜0.001)after adjusting for peripheral eosinophil counts(OR=67.446,95％CI:34.918-130.278,P＜0.001;OR=394.808,95％CI:174.661-892.434,P＜0.001;OR=12.277,95％CI:6.900-21.844,P＜0.001);conversely,after adjusting for bronchial asthma,the effect of peripheral eosinophil counts on these diseases was not significant.Conclusion Both bronchial asthma and increased peripheral eosinophil counts may increase the risk of allergic conjunctivitis,allergic rhinitis,urticaria,and eczema,and the effect of bronchial asthma on these disorders is independent of peripheral eosinophil counts.Increased peripheral eosinophil counts may also be a risk factor for psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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