Effect of ambient temperature on outpatient visits of cardiovascular diseases in Zibo city,Shandong province
Objective To understand the effect of air temperature on outpatient visits of common cardiovascular diseases(CVD)including coronary heart disease(CHD)and stroke in Zibo,Shandong province,and to identify and protect vulnerable population.Methods The daily outpatient visits with CHD or stroke,and the meteorological data were collected from 2019 to 2022 in Zibo.Distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM)was used to calculate the risks of extremely low temperatures(P1 of the average daily temperature),lower temperatures(P10 of the average daily temperature),higher temperatures(P90 of the average daily temperature),and extremely high temperature(P99 of the average daily temperature)at different lag days on CHD and stroke outpatient visits,to evaluate the effects of temperature on common CVD.Results The total number of outpatient visits with CHD or stroke in Zibo from 2019 to 2022 was 809 792 and 142 625 respectively.The mean,minimum and maximum temperatures were 14.2 ℃,-14.7 ℃ and 32.4 ℃,respectively.The exposure-lag-response curves of temperature on CHD and stroke showed a"V"shape with the effect of low temperature greater than high temperature.The maximum effect of extremely low temperature on CHD and stroke was 1.53(95％CI:1.20-1.95)and 1.96(95％CI:1.46-2.63),and the maximum risk of extremely high temperature was 1.23(95％CI:1.03-1.48)and 1.33(95％CI:1.09-1.63),respectively.Subgroup analysis showed that males were more susceptible than females,and those aged 60 years and over were more vulnerable to low temperature,while those under 60 years were more vulnerable to high temperature.Conclusion The effect of low temperature on outpatient visits with CHD and stroke is rapid and more persistent,whereas high temperature is lagged and more transient.The risk of low temperature is greater than high temperature.Gender and age may modify the effects of temperature on CHD and stroke.
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