Research on Secondary Low-Velocity Impact Damage Propagation in Composite Laminates
To investigate the damage accumulation and propagation in composite laminates under seconda-ry impact,this study combines experimental methods with finite element simulation analysis to examine the damage state and load-time curves following secondary impacts.A comparison between the experi-mental and finite element analysis-derived load-time curves for single impacts reveals an error margin of only 8.9%.Additionally,the correlation between C-scan damage images and finite element simulation damage images is found to be satisfactory,thereby validating the accuracy of the model.Through finite el-ement analysis of secondary low-velocity impacts,it is observed that the peak load increases by 16.7%during the second impact.When compared to a single impact with equivalent total energy,the laminate absorbs 18.5 J of energy in a single impact,transferring more energy from the impactor to the laminate and resulting in more severe damage.Furthermore,the relationship between the number of impacts and the impact energy is investigated,revealing that when the total energy of a single impact is √2 times that of the secondary impact,the resulting damage is almost identical.