In order to promote the application value of cytology research in modern biology and medical fields,the study analyzes the molecular modification and assembly and biochemical analysis on cell surface with example analysis,including DNA molecular modification and biochemical analysis,bionic modification and biochemical analysis,and sensor interface molecular modification and biochemical analysis.The results show that analyzing cell proteins,monitoring cell communication and circulating tumor cells are important methods for modifying and assembling DNA molecules on cell surface.Biomimetic modification and assembly of cell surface ion channels,cell apoptosis and tumor cell classification and staging are important methods for biomimetic modification and assembly of cell surface molecules.Electrochemical analysis is an important approach to the molecular modification and assembly of cell sensing interfaces.This study provides reference for cell surface molecular treatment and optimization.