The study conducts the evaluation index system related to students'autonomous learning ability with formative evaluation and questionnaire survey.The results show that,among 115 samples,9 do not understand formative evaluation,indicating that it is necessary for colleges and universities to further strengthen the publicity of formative evaluation.Descriptive analysis and correlation analysis show that students'understanding of formative assessment is significantly correlated with the improvement of formative assessment on autonomous learning ability,more active search for learning resources and enhanced active awareness in daily learning.Based on this,teachers should further enhance the motivation and appreciation of students in the teaching process,improve the enthusiasm of students'independent learning,actively guide students to regard independent learning correctly,and integrate the consciousness of independent learning into daily study and life.