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儒家比德观的审美价值

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比德审美是中国传统审美欣赏的伦理化模式.比德来源于比兴,通过将自然物与君子道德人格相比附的方式,将自然事物纳入审美范围.这种交织着自然审美与道德审美的特殊欣赏方式,一方面赋予了自然物以道德品格,使之具有了象征意味;另一方面也让道德人格有了具体的可感形式.从比德的形式来看,主要有以玉比德、以水比德、以花草植物比德三种,经过比德后的自然物,凝结为了审美意象,具有了道德符号的意义.比德审美的实质是自然的伦理化,在比德的过程中实现了自然之美与道德之善的同一.同时,比德审美积淀了民族传统审美意识,凝结了中华民族深层的审美心理结构,影响了个体的审美认知和体验方式,构成了整个社会的审美文化特性.
The Aesthetic Value of Confucian Bide's Attitude
Bide aesthetics is an ethical model of traditional Chinese aesthetic appreciation.Bide originates from Bixing and incorporates natural things into the aesthetic realm by comparing them with the moral personality of a gentleman.This special way of appreciation,which interweaves natural aesthetics and moral aesthetics,en-dows natural objects with moral character and gives them symbolic significance;on the other hand,it also pro-vides concrete and tangible forms of moral personality.From the form of comparison,there are mainly three types of comparison:jade comparison,water comparison,and flowers and plants comparison.After compari-son,natural objects condense into aesthetic images and become symbolic symbols with moral significance.The essence of Bede's aesthetics is the ethicization of nature,which achieves the unity of natural beauty and moral goodness in the process of Bide.At the same time,Bide's aesthetics have accumulated traditional national aesthetic consciousness,condensed the deep aesthetic psychological structure of the Chinese nation,influ-enced individual aesthetic cognition and experience methods,and formed the aesthetic cultural characteristics of the entire society.

the ConfucianistsBideAesthetic PersonalityAesthetic CultureNatural Beauty

张灵馨

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黑龙江大学 哲学学院,哈尔滨 150080

儒家 比德 审美人格 审美文化 自然美

2025

黑龙江社会科学
黑龙江省社会科学院

黑龙江社会科学

影响因子:0.305
ISSN:1007-4937
年,卷(期):2025.(1)