In the study of Song Dynasty's historical and cultural research,Sima Guang's political inclinations often receive considera-ble attention,whereas his perspectives on customs and traditions have been comparatively less explored.Stemming from his views on society and history,Sima Guang posited that the governance,chaos,prosperity,and decline of a nation are intimately linked to its societal customs.Recognizing the significance of customs,he proactively devised governance strategies aimed at reforming and reshaping customs,aspiring to cultivate the"harmonious and generous customs"he pursued and endorsed.Sima Guang's conception of customs primarily embodies the principle of"stability and adherence to tradition",which is crucial for understanding the dialectical relationship between change and constancy in the context of the"creative transformation and inno-vative development"within the great rejuvenation of China.Against this backdrop,it is imperative to delve deeply into Sima Guang's views on customs to appreciate their historical limitations and significant contemporary relevance.
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