Reconstructing the Cognitive Model of the Origin and Development of Jade Culture——The Sixteenth Report on the Jade Route Ex-pedition
This report presents the findings of the 16th Jade Route Expedition(Northeast Route)conducted by the Literary Anthro-pology Team in July-August 2023.The expedition covered a total of 18 counties and cities across the three northeastern prov-inces and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,focusing on the occurrence,development,and dissemination of prehistoric jade culture over the past 5,000 years.Led by the Shuangta and Xiaonanshan sites,dating back to 10,000-9,000 years ago in the Jilin and Heilongjiang,the expedition traced the northward genesis of jade culture and its southward expan-sion,culminating in the jade culture peak in the West Liao River region from 8,000-5,000 years ago.The theoretical considera-tion of this report is to reconstruct the overall cognitive model of the origin and development of Chinese jade culture.The main report comprises five site reviews:Haicheng-Xiuyan in eastern Liaoning,renowned as the capital of northern jade mining re-sources;the Xiaonanshan and Angangxi sites in Heilongjiang,together with the Shuangta site in Baicheng,Jilin,constitute the origin belt of Chinese jade culture along the 46-47th parallel north,forming the first wave of prehistoric jade culture dissemina-tion.Subsequently,the southward spread influenced the Horqin Grassland to Tongliao-Chifeng area,giving birth to the second wave of prehistoric jade culture represented by the Hongshan culture.Examining the jade artifacts from the Xiaonanshan,An-gangxi,and Shuangta sites,as well as the raw materials of Hamin jade,reveals that in addition to the Xiuyan jade in eastern Liaoning,there were earlier and more northern jade mining resources—the jade ore from Lake Baikal,which played a crucial role in shaping the first wave of jade culture history.With a renewed understanding of the uninterrupted lineage of jade culture,this expedition aims to specifically demonstrate the exploration goals of the first half of the"Ten-Thousand-Year China"cultur-al history,namely the upper five thousand years.
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