Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rates on Maize Yield and Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency in Soybean-Maize Rotation System under Straw Returning Conditions
The experiment studied the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application rates on maize yield and phosphorus fertilizer utilization in soybean-maize rotation system after 6-7 years of straw return,to provide theoretical reference for scientific application of phosphorus fertilizer in regional maize planting.From 2021 to 2022,field experiments were conducted on Daxijiang,Jianshan,and Qixingpao farms under the 93 branch of Beidahuang Agricultural Reclamation Group Co.,Ltd.in Heilongjiang Province.According to the fully mechanized maize production method,four treatments were set up:No phosphorus fertilizer(P0),80%local recommended phosphorus fertilizer(P1),local recommended phosphorus fertilizer(P2),and 120%local recommended phosphorus fertilizer(P3).The effects of phosphorus fertilizer application rates on maize growth,yield,phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency were studied.The results showed that there was no significant difference in maize yield and yield traits among P1,P2,and P3 treatments on the three farms.The amount of phosphorus fertilizer had a significant impact on the total dry matter accumulation of maize,with P3 treatment being the highest on the three farms.In 2021,the dry matter accumulation of maize in Daxijiang,Jianshan,and Qixingpao farms increased significantly by 12.74%,11.16%,and 14.63%compared to P1 treatment,respectively.In 2022,Daxijiang and Qixingpao farms increased significantly by 7.88%and 11.02%compared to P1 treatment,respectively.The overall phosphorus absorption of maize increasesd with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application.In 2021,the total phosphorus absorption of P3 treatment at mature stage in Daxijiang,Jianshan,and Qixingpao farms was significantly higher than that in P1,increasing by 17.75%,17.45%,and 25.25%,respectively.In 2022,Daxijiang and Qixingpao farms increased by 11.65%and 16.96%,respectively.However,there was no significant difference in phosphorus absorption of maize grains.P1 significantly improved the agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer.In 2021,the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in Daxijiang,Jianshan,and Qixingpao farms increased by 61.04%,38.45%,and 17.84%respectively compared to P2 treatment.In 2022,the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in Daxijiang and Qixingpao farms increased by 18.37%and 19.03%respectively compared to P2 treatment.In 2021,the partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer in Daxijiang,Jianshan,and Qixingpao farms increased by 30.33%,27.69%,and 23.57%respectively compared to P2 treatment.In 2022,Daxijiang and Qixingpao farms increased by 22.42%and 24.31%respectively compared to P2 treatment.There was no significant difference overall in the apparent utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer among P1,P2,and P3 on the three farms.After 6-7 years of returning straw to the field and continuous implementation of soybean-maize rotation for fertilization,the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer can be reduced by 20%compared to the local recommended phosphorus fertilizer amount.Excessive phosphorus fertilizer use only increases the accumulation of phosphorus in maize vegetative body,reducing the agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer.
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