Characteristics,Ecological Risks and Sources of Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Soils Surrounding Typical Industrial Zone in West Henan
In order to investigate the characteristics and ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils around typical industrial areas(1 steel mill,6 industrial parks,5 smelters)in West Henan,109 soil samples were collected and measured for Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb,Cr,Ni and As,and a series of indexes,morphology,principal components and clustering methods were employed for the spatial distribution analysis of the heavy metals,evaluation of the contamination and ecological risks,and analysis of the morphology and sources.The results revealed that the degree of contamination and cumulative effects of heavy metals in agricultural soils in the study area were closely related,and Pb had the highest level of contamination and the strongest geo-cumulative effects.Cd,Pb and As were the main factors causing soil environmental risks,and their contributions to the composite potential ecological risk index reached 48.26%,18.81%and 15.58%,respectively.The content of Pb and Cd in the effective state was up to 92.49%and 79.54%,respectively.The proportions of Fe-Mn oxide bound state of Zn and organic bound state of Cu were higher than other heavy metals,with 33.07%and 24.25%,respectively.Whereas the ecological risk of the migration and transformation of Cr,Ni was relatively lower,and the accumulation form in the soil was dominated by the residual state,which accounted for 91.00%,64.63%.The smelters(S1,S3)and the surrounding smelters(S2,S4),steel mill SW and industrial parks(IP1,IP2,IP3)had a synergistic effect on the comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals(Pb,Cd and Zn)in farmland soils in the northwest of the study area.Zn,Pb and Cu mainly came from industrial sources(smelters,iron and steel mills and other industrial production activities);Cd and As originated from industrial sources(smelters)and agricultural sources;and Cr and Ni mainly emerged from natural sources.In addition,Zn,Pb,Cu and Cd were susceptible to natural leaching,soil formation processes and agricultural activities,which increased the ecological risk of migration and transformation.
Soil heavy metalsContamination evaluationEcological riskKriging interpolationChemical fractionation analysisSource apportionment
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