Effects of Panicle Potassium Fertilizer Rates and Foliar Fertilizer on Rice Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Quality under Crayfish-Rice Integrated System
In order to provide scientific basis for rice green high-yield and high-quality cultivation under crayfish-rice integrated system,the effects of panicle potassium fertilizer rates[0 kg/ha(S0),45 kg/ha(S1),90 kg/ha(S2)]and foliar fertilizer[no foliar fertilizer(P0)and spraying foliar fertilizer(P1)]on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of rice were investigated under crayfish-rice integrated system.The results showed that spraying foliar fertilizer and applying panicle potassium fertilizer increased the SPAD value,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RuBisCO)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,soluble sugar content,aboveground dry matter accumulation,dry matter transport amount and transport rate of stem and leaf and their contribution rates to grain,and decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA),overall,S1P1 was the best treatment.Spraying foliar fertilizer and applying panicle potassium fertilizer could increase filled grain number per panicle and setting rate,thus increasing yield.P1 treatment could increase yield by 13.60％,9.76％and 6.55％under S0,S1 and S2 conditions,respectively;S1 and S2 treatments could increase yield by 3.70％and 2.47％,respectively,and S1P1 treatment had the highest yield.Compared with P0 treatment,the whole polished rice rate of P1 treatment significantly increased by 2.21％and 1.82％under S0 and S1 conditions,chalky grain rate significantly decreased by 55.88％and 50.01％,chalkiness degree significantly decreased by 49.98％and 50.00％,and total protein content significantly decreased by 8.77％and 12.08％,respectively.Compared with S0 treatment,chalky grain rate of S1 and S2 treatments significantly decreased by 11.23％and 30.61％,respectively,and total protein content of S1 treatment significantly decreased by 4.15％.Overall,S1P1 had the best effect.In summary,the application of foliar fertilizer and panicle potassium fertilizer can improve leaf photosynthesis,increase the accumulation and transport of aboveground dry matter,and improve yield and quality,and S1P1 treatment has the best effect.
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