摘要
探索不同配方施肥和施肥技术对薄壳山核桃叶片矿质养分、林地土壤酶活性、林地土壤有效养分含量及果实品质的影响.将不同配方施肥试验设置5个处理,分别为OPT(养分专家系统推荐施肥)、OPT-N(不施氮肥)、OPT-P(不施磷肥)和OPT-K(不施钾肥)及CK(不施肥).不同施肥技术试验按施肥时间、次数及比例和施肥方法设置4个处理,以不施肥作对照.分析不同处理在不同时期植株叶片矿质养分、土壤酶活性及有效养分含量、果实种仁含油率和脂肪酸组分含量变化.结果表明,不同配方施肥显著改变土壤酶活性、土壤有效养分含量、植株叶片矿质养分含量和果实品质,其中以OPT-P和OPT-K处理土壤养分更高;土壤磷酸酶和脲酶活性总体以OPT-P处理较高,蔗糖酶活性总体以OPT处理较高,过氧化氢酶活性总体以OPT-N处理较高;OPT-P处理果实种仁含油率显著提高,比对照提高8.23百分点,不饱和脂肪酸含量各处理间差异不显著.不同施肥技术土壤有效N、P、K和有机质含量显著低于对照,其中,3月上旬施肥70%、6月上旬施肥30%处理能够提高植株叶片N、P、K养分含量,土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,该处理果实种仁含油率比对照提高7.38百分点.综上,以不施磷肥的配方施肥,同时采用施肥2次、由浅入深放射状沟施技术最有利于促进植株对土壤养分的吸收利用,以及果实种仁含油率提高.
Abstract
The aim is to explore the influence of different formula fertilization and fertilization techniques on leaf mineral nutrients,soil enzyme activity,soil effective nutrient content and fruit quality of Carya illinoensis.Five treatments for different formula fertilization tests,namely OPT(Nutrient experts systematically recommend fertilization),OPT-N(No nitrogen fertilizer),OPT-P(No phosphorus fertilizer),OPT-K(No potassium fertilizer)and CK(No fertilizer),respectively;five treatments were designed for different fertilization techniques,according to time,frequency and proportion and fertilization method.Mineral nutrient,soil enzyme activity,effective nutrient content,oil content and fatty acid content were determined in different periods.Different formula fertilization significantly changed the soil enzyme activity,soil effective nutrient content,plant leaf mineral nutrient content and fruit quality,among which the OPT-P and OPT-K treatments had higher soil nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency.Soil phosphatase and urease activities were higher in OPT-P,sucrase was higher in OPT,and catalase was higher in OPT-N.The oil content of OPT-P fruit kernels was significantly increased by 8.23 percentage points over the CK treatment,and there was no significant difference in unsaturated fatty acid content among the treatments.The soil effective N,P,K content and organic matter content with different fertilization techniques were significantly lower than the control treatment,and fertilizing 70%in early March and 30%in early June could improve the leaf nutrient content of N,P,and K,soil sucrase and catalase activities,the oil rate of fruit kernels was 7.38 percentage points higher than the control.In summary,OPT-P formula fertilization and twice from the shallow to the deep radial ditch can promote the soil nutrients and increase the oil content of fruit kernels.
基金项目
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BBA153)
中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(鄂[2023]TG13号)
湖北省林科院科技攻关项目(2021YGG02)
维普
万方数据