How to Distribute the Compulsory Education Enrollment Opportunities More Fairly—Spatial Analysis Based on Data Simulation from Three Types of Models
Guaranteeing a fair starting point for enrollment opportunities is the premise for a high-quality and balanced compulsory education.However,previous literature has seen a deficiency of equity-oriented optimization research on the spatial assignment of enroll-ment opportunities.Regarding different enrollment methods,this study defines the fairness of the spatial assignment of enrollment oppor-tunities by the minimum school-home distance for school-age students in compulsory education of each community,the variance of the expected value of education quality of each community,and the maximum of probability distribution similarity.Where by we construct the models of"nearby enrollment","multi-school dicing"and"probability-similarity",we seek the optimal enrollment assignment of school-to-community under the existing school construction conditions through GIS technology,and conduct applied Haidian District,Beijing.The results show that compared with"nearby enrollment",education quality variance under the situation of"multi-school dicing"is reduced by 99.38%under the existing allocation of educational resources,significantly narrowing the spatial gap of ed-ucational opportunity assignment while controlling the negative impact of school distance;loosening the constraints on the maximum school distance can significantly improve the spatial equity of educational opportunities.Therefore,to promote the spatial optimization and allocation of compulsory resources,it is necessary to periodically adjust the multi school zoning policy,enhance the randomness of enrollment opportunity allocation,appropriately increase the distance between students'enrollment not exceeding 6 km,and"balance"the education quality of each school through coordinating the staffing and flow of teachers,strengthening library construction,and opti-mizing and improving the mechanism for ensuring compulsory education funding,and different enrollment probabilities are set at differ-ent distance levels,in order to promote the overall goal of high-quality and balanced compulsory education.
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