The Two Types of Educational Socialization:Durkheim and Kant's Dispute
Starting from the affirmation and regulation of social facts,Durkheim considers education to be a systematic process of socialization across generations.From this perspective,he seriously criticizes Kant's definition of education—that education is about the perfect development of all human capacities—arguing that it detaches from specific social regulations and becomes an idealized concept of education.The nature of education is social,not non-social.However,Durkheim's critique has its blind spots;he fails to recognize Kant's concept of"non-social sociality"and the educational prescription derived from it—that education is an activity that promotes the"non-social socialization"of the younger generation.Kant elaborates on this definition of education in his philosophy of history and through the"forest metaphor"in his educational studies.Modern educators should incorporate the core category of"non-social sociality"into educational studies,as it directly relates to a key question:how does an autonomous,emotional,and desiring,non-social individu-al become a social being who depends on and cooperates with others?
socialization of educationnon-social socialityDurkheimKantforest metaphor
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