首页|英国大学招生考试引导学生素质发展:历史嬗变、作用机制与经验借鉴

英国大学招生考试引导学生素质发展:历史嬗变、作用机制与经验借鉴

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英国自 19 世纪实施大学招生考试以来,其对学生素质发展的引导倾向大体经历了由"注重单一学术或职业素养发展"到"强调知识与技能素养兼顾发展"再到"追求核心素养适应性发展"三次重大转变,其嬗变动因既有英国不同时期社会发展对人才素养需求结构性变化等外因,亦有英国社会对考试制度设计科学性、规律性认识不断深化等内因,其目标指向是为学生的"适应性发展"或"人人成才"提供多种机会与适宜通道.英国大学招生考试引导学生素质发展的作用机制,主要包括:以分类考试满足学生素质发展差异性需求;以综合评价引导学生多种素质全面发展;以科目自选鼓励学生个性发展;以线性考试促进学生核心素养发展.基于英国大学招生考试引导学生素质发展的经验,构建我国在新时代引导学生德智体美劳全面发展的高校招生考试制度体系,需要改进综合素质评价使用办法,优化新高考计分方式与录取标准,以及加快构建职教高考制度体系等.
British University Entrance Examination Guides the Development of Students'Quality:Historical Evolution,Mechanism and Experience
Since the carrying out of university entrance examination in Britain in the 19th century,its guiding tendency for the de-velopment of students'quality has undergone three major changes in general,from"single academic or professional quality"to"combi-ning knowledge and skill quality"and then to"adaptive development of core quality".The causes of its evolution include external fac-tors such as structural changes in the demand for talent quality due to social development in different periods in Britain.There are also internal reasons such as the deepening of British society's understanding of the scientific and regular design of different types of examina-tions or examination systems,whose goal is to provide a variety of opportunities and suitable channels for"adaptive development"and"everyone becomes talented".From the perspective of the mechanism of university entrance examination guiding the development of students'quality,it mainly includes:to meet the different needs of students'quality development with classified examination;Guide students to develop comprehensively in various qualities by comprehensive evaluation;To encourage students'personality development by subject selection;The linear test focuses on the core quality of students.Based on the experience of British university entrance exami-nation to guide the development of students'quality,to build a college entrance examination system to guide students'all-round develop-ment of morality,intelligence,physical fitness,beauty and labor in the new era in China,we need to improve the use of comprehensive quality evaluation methods,optimize the new college entrance examination scoring methods and admission standards,and accelerate the construction of vocational education college entrance examination system.

British university entrance examinationstudent qualityall-round developmentnew college entrance examination

李木洲、刘子瑞

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浙江大学 科举学与考试研究中心,浙江 杭州 310058

英国大学招生考试 学生素质 全面发展 新高考

教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(2020)

20JZD050

2024

湖南师范大学教育科学学报
湖南师范大学

湖南师范大学教育科学学报

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.945
ISSN:1671-6124
年,卷(期):2024.23(3)