Dialogue between History and Biology:A New Exploration of Chang Naide's Biological Historical Perspective
Chang Naide critically assimilates ideas from biology,physics,and thinkers like Huxley,forming a distinctive biological historical perspective.The essence of Chang Naide's biological historical perspective includes four points:viewing hu-man history from a biological perspective,emphasizing the exploration of"relationships"and"organizations,"adopting a dy-namic perspective on the operation of all things,and recognizing that the development of things involves affirmation within ne-gation.While this perspective regards history from a biological standpoint,it transcends to the level of the philosophy of histo-ry.Chang Naide argues that mere recording of phenomena does not qualify as history;history involves posing questions for the era,reflecting the prevailing thoughts,and expressing a meaningful essence.The value of a historical perspective depends not only on its philosophical standards but also on its achievements in historical interpretation.Chang Naide's stage theory of Chi-nese cultural history,the"cultural malady"theory,and the theory of social generation effectively reflect the characteristics of his biological historical perspective.Although Chang Naide views cultural transformation as a core element,it falls short as a new attempt during the enlightenment and salvation movement of the Republic of China,unable to drive societal change and re-fleeting the efforts and limitations of scholars during that period.
Chang Naidebiological historical perspectivehistorical theory
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