The Self-rescue Activities and Knowledge Transformation of Hanlin Literati Groups Before and After the Abolition of the Imperial Examination
In the late Qing Dynasty,the long-respected Hanlin literati groups were continuously impacted by the New Deal and faced dual crises of"politics"and"academics".How to adapt,find a new position,and achieve transformation has be-come a major problem.To this end,compiling new books and setting up workshops are all continuous attempts and efforts of the Hanlin literati groups,and can be regarded as their"self-rescue activities."There has been limited knowledge about these self-rescue activities in the past,but it can now be revealed through in-depth interpretation of the collected works and diaries of the Hanlin literati groups.This not only reflects the complex struggle of relocating the old people during the New Deal period,but also shows the difficult process of the old elite groups finding a new position and transforming their knowledge in an era of drastic changes in the political and cultural landscape.
Hanlin literati groupsnew deal in the late Qing DynastySun JianaiYun YudingXu Zhaowei