司法案件纠错机制研究——以侦查阶段重新鉴定为例
Research on the Correction Mechanism of Judicial Cases——Taking Re-identification during the Investigation Stage as an Example
秦春阳 1杜志淳 1李丽莉2
作者信息
- 1. 华东政法大学,上海 200333
- 2. 司法鉴定科学研究院,上海 200063
- 折叠
摘要
中共中央印发的《法治社会建设实施纲要(2020-2025年)》强调建立健全案件的纠错机制.重新鉴定是原司法鉴定意见出错后的纠错程序,是鉴定的"防火墙",符合法治社会对公平正义的现实需要与司法鉴定科学公正的宗旨.本研究聚焦于侦查阶段重新鉴定的现实问题,落脚于重新鉴定的启动主体和条件,发现当前制度中存在的重新鉴定案件量各省市差异显著、侦查机关内设的鉴定机构难以保持中立性、缺乏对犯罪嫌疑人启动重新鉴定的救济等问题.通过统计学工具,研究重新鉴定案件量在不同省市差异显著、部分冤假错案中鉴定意见的问题.最后,研究提出了因地制宜地制定减少地区差异、强化侦查机关内设鉴定机构的外部监督机制、完善侦查阶段当事人启动重新鉴定的救济程序等法制建议,以期提升司法鉴定的质量和公信力,确保刑事案件的公平正义.
Abstract
The Implementation Outline for Building a Rule of Law Society(2020-2025)issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasizes the establishment and improvement of a mechanism for correcting cases.Re-appraisal is a corrective procedure for errors in the original judicial appraisal opinion,serving as the"firewall"for appraisal and meeting the practical needs of a rule of law society for fairness and justice,as well as the scientific and fair purpose of judicial appraisal.This study focuses on the practical problems of re identification in the investigation stage,and focuses on the starting subject and conditions of re identification.It finds that there are significant differences in the number of re identification cases among provinces and cities in the current system,the identification institutions set up in the investigation organ are difficult to maintain neutrality,and lack of relief for suspect to start re identification.Using statistical tools,investigate the issue of significant differences in the number of re evaluated cases among different provinces and cities,as well as the issue of expert opinions in some wrongful cases.Finally,the study proposed legal suggestions such as developing tailored measures to reduce regional differences,strengthening external supervision mechanisms for appraisal institutions within investigative agencies,and improving the relief procedures for parties to initiate re appraisal during the investigation stage,in order to enhance the quality and credibility of judicial appraisal and ensure fairness and justice in criminal cases.
关键词
重新鉴定/侦查阶段/现实问题/成因探讨/法制完善Key words
re-identification/investigation stage/real problems causes/discussion/legal system improvement引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据