为验证稳定型尿素硝酸铵溶液(YUAN，脲酶、硝化抑制剂用量均占UAN的0。06％)在夏玉米栽培中的应用效果，采用室内培养与田间试验，探究不同土壤[褐土(S1)和红壤(S2)]、不同土壤田间持水量[40％(W1)、60％(W2)和80％(W3)]以及夏玉米种植条件下[不施氮(CK)、追施普通尿素(CN)、优化CN(CNU)、追施普通尿素硝酸铵溶液(UAN)、追施稳定型尿素硝酸铵溶液(UANa和UANb)]，稳定型尿素硝酸铵溶液(YUAN)对其所含氮素的调控效果及肥效。结果表明，YUAN处理下，土壤铵态氮含量平均上升和下降速率均慢于UAN处理，铵态氮含量在下降期内显著高于UAN处理。铵态氮含量在S1中的平均上升速率(41。63 mg·kg-1·d-1)和下降速率(25。50mg·kg-1·d-1)均大于在S2中的平均上升速率(35。79 mg·kg-1·d-1)和下降速率(16。74 mg·kg-1·d-1)，0～56 d内二者铵态氮含量整体达到显著差异，说明YUAN的氮素在S2中转化的慢，其对氮素的调控效果更佳。在W1、W2和W3 土壤田间持水量条件下，0～91 d内YUAN处理铵态氮含量整体显著高于UAN处理，土壤硝态氮含量峰值出现的时间分别为7、91和21 d(分别为933。70、1 128。80和1 507。10mg·kg-1)，说明W2田间持水量条件下YUAN调控氮素的效果较优。与CN相比，UANa处理玉米产量提升690 kg·hm-2，增产率为8。73％，氨挥发减少67。10％。与UAN相比，UANa处理玉米产量提升779 kg·hm-2，增产率为9。97％，氨挥发减少60。64％。在0～20 cm 土层内，硝态氮含量以CN和UANa处理较高，二者之间差异不显著，但显著高于其他处理，其他处理之间差异不显著;在180～200 cm 土层内，施肥处理中以UANa处理硝态氮含量最低，分别较CN、CNU、UAN和UANb处理降低46。60％、26。08％、40。59％和27。07％，其中UANa处理显著低于CN和UAN处理。本研究结果为稳定型尿素硝酸铵溶液氮肥的推广应用奠定了理论基础与技术支撑。
The Effect of Different Soil and Moisture on Nitrogen Regulation and Fertilizer Efficiency of Stable Urea Ammonium Nitrate Solution
To evaluate the effectiveness of stable urea ammonium nitrate solution(YUAN),which includes urease and nitrification inhibitors each constituting 0.06％of the solution,in summer maize cultivation,both laboratory and field experiments were conducted.This study investigated the impacts of different soil types[chernozem(S1)and red soil(S2)],varying field water-holding capacities[40％(W1),60％(W2),and 80％(W3)],and various nitrogen application strategies for summer maize,including no nitrogen application(CK),supplementary application of conventional urea(CN),optimized conventional urea(CNU),supplementary application of conventional urea ammonium nitrate solution(UAN),and supplementary application of stable urea ammonium nitrate solution(UANa and UANb).The results revealed that under YUAN treatment,the average rates of increase and decrease in soil ammonium nitrogen content were slower than those observed with UAN treatment,with YUAN demonstrating significantly higher ammonium nitrogen levels during the decline period compared to UAN.Specifically,the average rates of increase(41.63 mg·kg-1·d-1)and decrease(25.50 mg·kg-1·d-1)of ammonium nitrogen in S1 were both higher than those in S2(average increase rate of 35.79 mg·kg-1·d-1 and decrease rate of 16.74 mg·kg-1·d-1).Significant differences in ammonium nitrogen levels between the two soil types were observed from 0 to 56 days,indicating that nitrogen transformation in YUAN was slower in S2,thus demonstrating superior nitrogen regulation.Under different field water-holding capacities(W1,W2,and W3),the overall ammonium nitrogen content under YUAN treatment was significantly greater than that under UAN treatment from 0 to 91 days,with peak nitrate nitrogen concentrations occurring at 7,91,and 21 days,respectively(933.70,1,128.80,and 1 507.10 mg·kg-1).These results suggest that YUAN is particularly effective in nitrogen regulation under W2 field water-holding conditions.When compared to CN,UANa treatment resulted in an increase in maize yield by 690 kg·hm-2,corresponding to a yield increase rate of 8.73％,along with a reduction in ammonia volatilization by 67.10％.Comparatively,UANa treatment enhanced maize yield by 779 kg·hm-2 relative to UAN,representing a yield increase rate of 9.97％and a reduction in ammonia volatilization by 60.64％.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,nitrate nitrogen content was found to be higher under CN and UANa treatments,with no significant difference between them,while both treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments,which showed no significant differences among them.In the 180-200 cm soil layer,UANa treatment exhibited the lowest nitrate nitrogen content among all fertilization treatments,decreasing by 46.60％,26.08％,40.59％,and 27.07％compared to CN,CNU,UAN,and UANb treatments,respectively,with UANa being significantly lower than both CN and UAN treatments.The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the promotion and application of stable urea ammonium nitrate solution as an effective nitrogen fertilizer.
urea ammonium nitrate solutionsoil acid and basesoil moistureinhibitorsummer corn
万方数据
维普
