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降钙素原在恶性血液病患者感染中的诊断价值

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目的:恶性血液病患者的感染发生率极高,且严重影响患者的预后.精准的早期感染生物标志物对指导恶性血液病患者感染的诊断和治疗具有重要意义.既往研究显示降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)可作为恶性血液病患者血流感染早期诊断的指标,本研究旨在比较不同病原体感染、恶性血液病病种、感染部位及严重程度的恶性血液病患者血清PCT水平的差异,并评价PCT在恶性血液病患者感染中的诊断价值.方法:收集2018年1月至2023年8月中南大学湘雅三医院血液内科收治的恶性血液病感染患者的临床资料及实验室检查结果.回顾性分析患者的一般情况;比较不同病原体感染、恶性血液病病种、感染部位、感染严重程度患者之间的血清PCT水平;采用受试者操作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线分析血清PCT水平诊断血流感染与非血流感染、严重感染与非严重感染的截断值和诊断价值;比较抗感染治疗4~7 d后,PCT上升组、PCT下降组、PCT无下降组之间病死率的差异.结果:共纳入恶性血液病患者526例次.感染的病原体以革兰氏阴性菌为主(272例次,51.7%),其次为革兰氏阳性菌(120例次,22.8%)、真菌(65例次,12.4%)、病毒(23例次,4.4%)、混合病原体(46例次,8.7%).恶性血液病主要为急性髓系白血病(216例次,41.1%)、急性淋系白血病(107例次,20.3%)、淋巴瘤(93例次,17.7%).高达68.3%(359例次)的患者感染时伴粒细胞缺乏,严重感染患者占24.1%(127例次).不同病原体感染患者的血清PCT水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),以革兰氏阴性菌感染患者最高.不同恶性血液病种类患者的血清PCT水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以淋巴瘤患者最高.全身性感染、严重感染患者的血清PCT水平分别显著高于局部感染、非严重感染患者(均P<0.001).ROC曲线分析结果显示:血清PCT诊断血流感染、严重感染的截断值分别为0.22、0.28 ng/mL,曲线下面积分别为0.670、0.673.抗感染治疗4~7 d后,PCT下降组、PCT无下降组、PCT上升组病死率分别为11.9%、21.2%、35.7%,3组之间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论:PCT可作为早期识别恶性血液病合并感染患者感染病原体的种类、感染部位及严重程度的辅助指标,经验性地采用抗生素治疗后,动态监测PCT水平变化对判断患者预后具有重要的指导价值.
Diagnostic value of procalcitonin in infections in patients with malignant hematologic diseases
Objective:The incidence of infections in patients with malignant hematologic diseases is extremely high and significantly affects their prognosis.Identifying early and precise biomarkers for infection is crucial for guiding the treatment of infections in these patients.Previous studies have shown that procalcitonin(PCT)can serve as an early diagnostic marker for bloodstream infections in patients with malignant hematologic diseases.This study aims to compare serum PCT levels in these patients with different pathogens,disease types,infection sites,and severity levels.Methods:Clinical data and laboratory results of infected patients with malignant hematologic diseases treated at the Department of Hematology,the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2018 to August 2023 were collected.General patient information was retrospectively analyzed.Serum PCT levels were compared among patients with different pathogens,types of malignant hematologic diseases,infection sites,and infection severity;Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curves were used to determine the cut-off values and diagnostic value of serum PCT levels in diagnosing bloodstream infections versus local infections and severe infections versus non-severe infections.Mortality rates after 4-7 days of anti-infective treatment were compared among groups with rising,falling,and unchanged PCT levels.Results:A total of 526 patients with malignant hematologic diseases were included.The main pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria(272 cases,51.7%),followed by Gram-positive bacteria(120 cases,22.8%),fungi(65 cases,12.4%),viruses(23 cases,4.4%),and mixed pathogens(46 cases,8.7%).The main types of malignant hematologic diseases were acute myeloid leukemia(216 cases,41.1%),acute lymphoblastic leukemia(107 cases,20.3%),and lymphoma(93 cases,17.7%).Granulocyte deficiency was present in 68.3%(359 cases)of the patients during infection,with severe infection in 24.1%(127 cases).Significant differences in serum PCT levels were found among patients with different types of pathogens(P<0.001),with the highest levels in Gram-negative bacterial infections.Significant differences in serum PCT levels were also found among patients with different types of malignant hematologic diseases(P<0.05),with the highest levels in lymphoma patients.Serum PCT levels were significantly higher in systemic infections and severe infections compared to local infections and non-severe infections(both P<0.001).ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off values for diagnosing bloodstream infections and severe infections were 0.22 and 0.28 ng/mL,with areas under the curve of 0.670 and 0.673,respectively.After 4-7 days of anti-infective treatment,the mortality rates of the PCT declining,PCT unchanged,and PCT rising groups were 11.9%,21.2%,and 35.7%,respectively,and pairwise comparisons were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion:PCT can be used as an auxiliary indicator for early identification of different pathogens,infection sites,and severity levels in patients with malignant hematologic diseases combined with infections.Dynamic monitoring of PCT levels after empirical antibiotic treatment provides important guidance for assessing patient's prognosis.

malignant hematologic diseasesprocalcitonininfectiondiagnostic valuepathogens

刘梅、唐亦舒、肖玉莲、颜灵妍、谢林芝、龙心怡、于燕、李昕

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中南大学湘雅三医院血液内科,长沙 410013

恶性血液病 降钙素原 感染 诊断价值 病原体

国家自然科学基金湖南省自然科学基金

821702042022JJ3088

2024

中南大学学报(医学版)
中南大学

中南大学学报(医学版)

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:1.459
ISSN:1672-7347
年,卷(期):2024.49(5)
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