Research and Experience of Kampo Medicine Practitioners during the"Ansei Cholera"Pandemic in Japan
During the cholera pandemic in Japan from 1858 to 1860,nine Kampo medicine practitioners,including Nagamatsu Bunchuu,Okuda Minoru,Asada Souhaku,Omura Hiroshi,Takashima Hisatsura,Masugi Shichi,Sugama Motoaki,Wani Tadatane,and Odai Youdou,studied and summarized the etiology and pathogenesis of cholera through clinical exploration,reference to Chinese medical records,and field research.They successfully cured cholera and wrote related works.The nine Kampo medicine practitioners all realized that cholera was different from Huoluan(gastrointestinal diseases with symptoms such as severe vomiting,diarrhea,and abdominal pain)in classics such as the Huangdi Neijing.They advocated that the causes of cholera were extraordinary qi;Cholera was exogenous disease and mainly sthenia syndrome.It should be eliminated pathogens or treated with methods like diaphoresis,emesis,purgation,warming,clearing,or external therapy.The nine Kampo medicine practitioners summarized their own experiences and demonstrated their unique experience in diagnosing and treating cholera.Cholera can be distinguished from general acute gastrointestinal diseases based on the patient's excrement,fever,and abdominal pain.The swelling of congestive collaterals at the Chize(LU 5)and Weizhong(BL 40)was a sign that cholera was about to attack.Bloodletting immediately can reduce the likelihood of severe illness in patients.If the patients'chi pulse were large and bounding,they should be treated with Shigao(gypsum).If the patients'chi pulse were sunken and forceful,with abdomen distending,they should be treated with Dahuang(rhubarb root and rhizome).Severe vomiting in patients was a major challenge in the treatment of cholera.It can be treated with Gegen Jiabanxia decoction(葛根加半夏汤)with doubled Shengjiang(fresh ginger),or Jishi Yin(济世饮)with Yinsuqiao(opium poppy shell)as the sovereign drug,or cold Xiaobanxia Jiafuling Decoction(小半夏加汤)to alleviate vomiting symptoms and enable patients to receive subsequent treatment.
cholera"Ansei Cholera"kampo medicineliterature research
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