黄芪活性成分具有良好抗菌活性,抑制病原菌生长,还能增强疫苗抗病毒活性,以防治呼吸道感染.黄芪活性成分通过下调Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLR)4/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)/核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)、TLR4/7/髓样分化初级反应蛋白 88(myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88,MyD88)/NF-κB信号通路,抑制NOD样受体蛋白3(NOD-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体活化,刺激M2 巨噬细胞极化,抑制转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)/Smad信号通路,增强自噬,减轻炎症反应,以减轻呼吸道感染引起的炎性损伤.黄芪活性成分通过调节氧化应激产物的分泌,调控TLR3、血红素氧合酶 1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)/核因子 E2 相关因子-2(nuclear factor E2 related factor-2,Nrf2)信号通路,减轻氧化应激反应,以减轻肺部感染引起的氧化应激损伤.黄芪活性成分调节T淋巴细胞、辅助性 T 淋巴细胞 17(T-helper 17,Th17)/调节性 T 淋巴细胞(regulatory T lymphocyte,Treg)平衡,增强疫苗免疫反应,调节机体免疫功能,增强对病原菌的抵抗力.黄芪活性成分通过调控凋亡相关蛋白的表达,调控激活沉默信息调节因子 1(silent information regulator1,SIRT1)/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenylate activates protein kinase,AMPK)信号通路,激活磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)信号通路,减轻细胞凋亡,对肺组织发挥保护作用.
Research progress on pharmacological effects of astragalus active ingredients in treatment of respiratory tract infection
Astragalus active ingredients have antimicrobial activity,inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria,and enhance the antiviral activity of vaccines to prevent and control respiratory tract infection.By down-regulating Toll-like receptors(TLR)4/mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and TLR4/7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways,Astragalus active ingredients inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation,stimulate M2 macrophage polarization,inhibit TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway,enhance autophagy and reduce inflammatory response,so as to reduce inflammatory damage caused by respiratory infection.Astragalus active ingredients regulate the secretion of oxidative stress products,regulate the signaling pathway TLR3,HO-1/Nrf2,and reduce the oxidative stress response,so as to reduce the oxidative stress damage caused by lung infection.Astragalus active ingredients regulate T lymphocyte and the balance of Th17/Treg,enhance immune response to vaccines,regulate immune function,and enhance resistance to pathogens.By regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins,the active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus regulate SIRT1/AMPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,alleviating cell apoptosis and playing a protective role in lung tissues.
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