To better understand the characteristics of the workmanship and places of production of the embossed hard-paste porcelains and proto-porcelains unearthed from Henan's Yanshi Shang City,this article analyzes seven embossed hard-paste porcelains and three proto-porcelains unearthed from the site via X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,thermal dilatometer and water absorption meter.The results show that the chemical compositions of the bodies of the abovementioned vessels are similar,with all bearing the typical feature of ceramics of the South,namely"high in silicon and low in aluminum".However,the compositions of the bodies of the proto-porcelains have higher stability.Meanwhile,in the bodies of both kinds of porcelains,the content of fluxing agent is generally low.The glazing of proto-porcelains have CaO as the major fluxing agent,and belongs to high-temperature calcium glaze whose ingredient included no plant ash but probably clay with other raw materials rich in CaO and MgO.The result of multivariate statistical analysis shows that the embossed hard-paste porcelains and proto-porcelains unearthed from Yanshi Shang City were produced in at least two places.The compositions of most of these porcelains are similar to those unearthed from Erlitou Site but with a high degree of dispersion.A minority of the specimens are closely related to those collected from Fujian's Liaotianjianshan Kiln.
Yanshi Shang Cityembossed hard-paste porcelainsproto-porcelainscharacteristics of workmanshipplace of production
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