采用截线样条法对海南文昌海域的珊瑚礁生态系统进行了调查,结合2012年和2018年同区域开展的历史调查数据,采用半定量的珊瑚礁健康指数法(coral reef health index:CI)分析了文昌海域珊瑚礁生态系统健康状况、变化趋势以及其主要的影响因素.结果表明,文昌海域调查到造礁石珊瑚11科31属79种,优势种以澄黄滨珊瑚、标准蜂巢珊瑚、秘密角蜂巢珊瑚、精巧扁脑珊瑚等环境耐受性的团块状造礁珊瑚为主,而敏感型的鹿角珊瑚科种类较少,覆盖率低.尽管文昌海域水质环境比较优越,但大型藻类覆盖率很高(平均覆盖率16％),珊瑚群落结构已经发生明显的转变,珊瑚礁健康指数CI值介于-0.44～0.95之间,珊瑚礁生态系统健康状况总体较差.推测海洋工程建设及养殖尾水排放影响是文昌海域珊瑚礁退化的主要原因.但与2018年相比,文昌海域珊瑚礁健康状况明显恢复(CI值从2018的-0.59提升至2020年-0.06),造礁石珊瑚平均覆盖率为12.75％,珊瑚补充量为0.9 ind/m2,与往年调查数据对比有所上升,且本次调查也没有发现短期内死亡的造礁珊瑚及珊瑚病害,说明该区域内的珊瑚礁生态系统有较好的恢复潜力,建议加强该区域的生态管控以及开展生态修复工作,以加速其自然恢复.
Description of health status of coral reef ecosystem of Wenchang,Hainan and analysis of its influencing factors
Based on coral reef survey in Wenchang waters with line transect method and historical data collected in 2012 and 2018,and using the semi-quantitative coral reef health index(hereafter as CI),the health status of coral reef ecosystem in Wenchang waters,the change trend and its main influencing factors were analyzed.A total of 79 species of hermatypic corals belonging to 11 families and 31 genera were identified,of them the dominants were the environmentally-tolerant massive ones,i.e.,Porites lutea,Favia speciosa,Favites abdita,and Platy gyra daedalea.However,Acroporidae,the environ-mental stress sensitive,were less observed,which had a low coverage.Despite the excellent water quality conditions of Wenchang waters,macroalgae were abundant with mean coverage up to 16％.The community structure of hermatypic corals have obviously changed.The CI value estimated ranged from-0.44 to 0.95,suggesting that the whole coral reef ecosystem was poor in Wenchang waters.Coastal engineering construction and aquaculture sewage discharge were perhaps the two driving factors leading to coral reef degradation in the region.However,compared with 2018,the health status of coral reefs in the region recovered significantly as were revealed by increased CI values from-0.59 in 2018 to-0.06 in 2020.Moreover,in this survey,the mean coverage of hermatypic corals was 12.73％and coral recruitment was 0.9 ind./m2,displaying a slight increase compared with historical data.More importantly,little short-term dead corals and coral diseases were found in this survey.These signals indicated that the coral reef ecosystem in this area has a good potential for recovery.It was suggested that the ecological control should be strengthened,and coral reef restoration should be carried out to ac-celerate its natural recovery.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
