"要你V"的负面评价功能——基于"要"类反问特殊性的预设否定
Negative Evaluation in"yao ni V(need you V)"——The Negative Presupposition Based on the Specificity of"yao(need)"-type Rhetorical Questions
王婧1
作者信息
摘要
负面评价构式"要你V"是明肯暗否的感叹祈使句,说话人通过回溯推理,先否定对方的行为预设,再推翻行为的合理性.反问句中表道义情态的"要"是驳斥对方不具备行为V这一权利的显性语素,为否定行为的合理性提供理据."要你V"的负面评价等级与说话人的元语用意识和双方的心理距离相关,通过说话人对V的定性,反映出说话人的主观态度,双方在V的情态评价问题上产生冲突,强化了负面评价语力.本文以使用频率较高的"要你管"为例,证明这类结构的语用推理特性和负面行事语力.
Abstract
The negative evaluation construction"yao ni V(need you V)"is an imperative sentence with exclamative mood,in which the speaker first negates the presupposition of the listener's action and then overturns the rationality of that action according to retrospective reasoning.The deontic"yao(need)"in rhetorical questions is the explicit morpheme refuting that the other party does not have the right to do what V denotes,which provides grounds for denying the rationality of the action.The level of negative evaluation in"yao ni V(need you V)"is related to the speaker's meta-pragmatic awareness and the psychological distance between the two sides.The speaker's subjective attitude of the matter through the speaker's qualitative assessment of V,and both sides have conflicts on the modal evaluation of V,which strengthens the linguistic power of negative evaluation.In this study,we demonstrate the pragmatic reasoning characteristics and negative acting language power of this kind of structure by taking the frequently used"yao ni guan(need you handle)"as an example.
关键词
"要"类反问/语用否定/反问回应/负面评价Key words
"yao"-type rhetorical questions/pragmatic negation/rhetorical response/negative evaluation引用本文复制引用
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
万方数据