从历史文献看北方汉语里包括式的来源
The Source of the Inclusive Use in Northern Chinese:An Investigation Utilizing Historical Materials
徐丹1
作者信息
- 1. Hegestraße 59,Raum 06-308 邮 编:55122 Mainz,Germany
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摘要
汉语在12世纪出现的包括式和排除式的对立,当来自北方非汉民族语言的影响.历史材料和仅有的语料都表明,来源很可能是女真语.传播的人群为燕云的汉人、胡化了的汉人、汉化了的契丹人及女真人.12世纪《三朝北盟会编》里的语言材料表明,女真语里"自家"和"我家"的用法已形成最小对立,最初的语料只见于金朝女真人的对话中.燕云汉语最先接受了包括式的用法.
Abstract
The inclusive-exclusive distinction in the first plural person pronoun attested in the Chinese language in the 12th century appears to come from non-Chinese or non-Han languages in the North.Both historical materials and scarce linguistic examples suggest that the source is likely the J urchen language.People who had spread this usage might be Han,Altaicized Han,or Sinicized Khitans and Jurchens from the Yanyun area.The San-meng Beichao Huibian from the 12th century shows that zijia(we-inclusive)and wojia(we-exclusive)were used distinctively in the Jurchen language,forming a minimal pair,and the first examples of this usage are found in dialogues of Jurchens.The Chinese lan-guage spoken in the Yanyun area was the first one which had adopted this inclusive use.
关键词
包括式/北方汉语/女真语/契丹语Key words
Inclusive/Northern Chinese/Jurchen language/Khitan language引用本文复制引用
基金项目
欧盟研究基金项目(ERC-2019-AdG 883700-TRAM)
法国-中国香港国际合作项目(PHC PROCORE PROJECT N°46864RH)
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
万方数据