从藏缅语的演变条例论上古汉语咝冠响音与清响音声母
On the Reconstructing Pre-sibilant Sonorants and Voiceless Sonorants in Old Chinese through Evolutional Rules in Tibetan-Burmese Languages
郑伟1
作者信息
- 1. 上海市闵行区东川路500号华东师范大学中国语言文学系 邮 编:200241
- 折叠
摘要
本文以咝冠响音与清响音声母在藏缅语及其他民族语里的后续演变为例,说明现实语料和类型学视角作为拟测上古汉语证据的重要性.文章分别从音系结构性因素和地域因素两个方面,指出sN-＞sN-/hN-(保留前置咝辅音)、sN-＞N-(脱落前置辅音)、sN-＞(N)-(响音声母清化)等多种可能性,并且s-与不同部位响音构成复声母后在演变类型上不平行,sŋ-(＞hŋ-)＞(ŋ)-＞h-、sm-(＞hm-)＞(m)-＞h-、sn-(＞hn-)＞(n)-＞th-、sl-(＞hl-)＞(1)-＞th-更易重复发生,且遵循一般性的演变规则.藏缅语(大安、中甸等)的方言性变化,也印证了这些演变条例.文章指出,相较于其他各家拟音,李方桂先生(1970,1971)提出的与上古音sN-、(N)-的拟测方案最符合类型学的观察.
Abstract
Through discussing mainly the phologicalevoloution of the syllable with cluster sonorant initials with sibilant sN-and voiceless sonorant N-in Tibetan-Burmese lan-guages,the article points that it is important to take account into modern language material and typological observation when reconstructing Old Chinese.In light of both phonological structural and regional perspectives,we can see the unparalell evolution of sN-or(N)-with different articulatory place,such as sN-＞sN-(retaining pre-initial s-or h-),sN-＞N-(loss of s-),sN-＞(N)-(voicelessing of N-)and so on.In detail,the phonological process including sŋ-＞(hŋ-＞)(ŋ)-＞h-,sm-＞(hm-＞)m-＞h-,sn-＞(hn-＞)(n)-＞th-,and sl-＞(hl-＞)(l)-＞th-is recurrent in various materials and consistent with general rules of process.The rules are also proved by some Tibetan dialects like Da'an and Zhongdian.As regards to the recon-struction of sN-and n-in Old Chinese,the late Professore Li Fang-kuei's assumption is more typologically reasonable.
关键词
咝冠响音/清响音/藏缅语/演变条例/汉语上古音Key words
sonorant with pre-sibilant/voiceless sonorant/law of phonological evolu-tion/the phonology of Old Chinese引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA296)
上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(2019-01-07-00-05-E00049)
华东师范大学第二轮新文科创新平台建设项目(2022ECNU-XWK-XK005)
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
万方数据