"合式""合适"的成词理据及历时替换
Lexical Motivation and Diachronic Substitution of"Heshi(合式)"and"Hesshi(合适)"
马雅琦 1张文国1
作者信息
- 1. 江苏省常州市武进区江苏理工学院文化与旅游学院 邮 编:213001
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摘要
从来源看,"合式"与"合适"是两个不同的词."合式"最初为动宾短语,表示"符合规格、程式".由于词义泛化和句法位置的改变,在清代中期,"合式"词汇化为形容词,表示"符合主客观要求"义."合适"成词于明代初期,它由两个同义语素复合而成,表示"符合主客观要求"义,与"合式"是同义词.由于"合"为"合式"与"合适"的语义重心,二词又分别衍生出"合意、中意""合得来、关系好"义.在民国时期,"合适"逐渐取代"合式",成为"符合主客观要求"的主要词形,而"合意、中意""合得来、关系好"义则在现代汉语方言中有所保留.
Abstract
The sources of"heshi(合式)"and"heshi(合适)"are different."Heshi(合式)"was a verb-object phrase initially,which meant"conforming to specifications and pro-cedures".In the middle of the Qing Dynasty,"heshi(合式)"was transformed into an ad-jective,which signified"conforming to the subjective and objective requirements"due to the generalization of the meaning and the change of syntactic position of"heshi(合式)".In the middle of the Ming Dynasty,"heshi(合适)"is a word with co-ordinate structure which signified"conforming to the subjective and objective requirements",it synonymous with"heshi(合式)"."Heshi(合式)"and"hieshi(合适)"also derived the meaning of"satisfac-tion"and"good relationship",because both of them with"he(合)",which is the semantic focus.In the Republican period,"Heshi(合适)"gradually replaced"Heshi(合式)"and be-came the main word form of"conforming to the subjective and objective requirements",while the meaning of"satisfaction"and"good relationship"were reserved in some dialects.
关键词
合式/合适/适合/词汇化/历时替换Key words
heshi(合式)/heshi(合适)/shihe(适合)/lexicalization/diachronic substi-tution引用本文复制引用
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
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