"每下愈况"是怎么变成"每况愈下"的
How Did Mei Xia Yu Kuang(每下愈况)Change to Mei Kuang Yu Xia(每况愈下)?
戴佳文1
作者信息
- 1. 浙江省杭州市西湖区余杭塘路866号浙江大学汉语史研究中心 邮 编:310058
- 折叠
摘要
成语"每况愈下"源自《庄子·知北游》的"每下愈况",两者并非直接转变的关系,而是经历了两次误解误用,关键在"况"字."每下愈况"的"况"义为"滋、甚".宋人误以为该字表示"比照",化用《庄子》时把"每下愈况"错改为"每况愈下1";随后,"每况愈下1"的"况"又被误解为"情况"义,"每况愈下2"由此产生并行用.误解误用不仅是词义演变的途径之一,有时也会推动新形式出现.这类语言现象背后的时代原因值得深究.
Abstract
The idiom mei kuang yu xia(每况愈下)came from mei xia yu kuang(每下愈况)in Zhibeiyou of Zhuangzi(《庄子·知北游》).The latter was not directly trans-formed into the former but has experienced two misunderstandings and misuses,to which the key was kuang(况).When quoting Zhuangzi(《庄子》),scholars in the Song Dynasty mistakenly thought that kuang(况)meant comparison,making them change mei xia yu kuang(每下愈况)into mei kuang yu xia1(每况愈下1);Later,this kuang(况)was misun-derstood as the meaning of situation,and then mei kuang yu xia2(每况愈 下2)was formed and put into use.Misunderstanding and misuse is not only one of the ways of word mean-ing evolution,but also can promote the emergence of new forms.The time factor behind this phenomenon is worthy of a further study.
关键词
每下愈况/每况愈下/况/误解误用/宋代Key words
mei xia yu kuang(每下愈况)/mei kuang yu xia(每况愈下)/kuang(况)/misunderstanding and misuse/Song dynasty引用本文复制引用
出版年
2023
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NSTL
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