首页|香樟和银杏落叶海水浸提液对东海原甲藻的抑藻效应及其有效成分分析

香樟和银杏落叶海水浸提液对东海原甲藻的抑藻效应及其有效成分分析

扫码查看
为寻找防治赤潮的有效手段,以香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)和银杏(Ginkgo biloba)落叶作为抑藻制剂材料,探究其常温海水浸提液对东海赤潮高发区原因种东海原甲藻(Proracentram donghaiense)的化感抑制效果,并分别采用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法和超高效液相色谱串联四极杆-飞行时间质谱法分析了香樟和银杏海水浸提液中的有效成分.结果表明:香樟和银杏叶浸提液对东海原甲藻生长的96 h半效应浓度(96 h-EC50)分别为1.23 g·L-1和1.22 g·L-1.高浓度香樟叶浸提液(≥3.0 g·L-1)处理72 h时即可使大量东海原甲藻细胞破裂,96 h时对东海原甲藻生长的抑制率高于70%,且在第8天仍可抑制东海原甲藻的生长.银杏叶浸提液对东海原甲藻的抑制作用起效快,处理24 h时,高浓度试验组(≥3.0 g·L-1)中东海原甲藻基本失去游动能力,处理96 h时,浓度≥2.0 g·L-1的银杏叶浸提液对东海原甲藻生长的抑制率均达到了 80%以上.另外,从香樟叶浸提液中共分离鉴定出了芳樟醇、橙花叔醇、桉油烯醇和桉叶油醇等可能具有化感作用的萜类物质,从银杏叶浸提液中分离鉴定出了儿茶素、芦丁和槲皮素等可能具有化感作用的黄酮类物质,其中橙花叔醇对东海原甲藻的生长具有明显抑制作用.橙花叔醇对东海原甲藻生长的96 h-EC5.为 1.25 mg·L-1;24 h时,4.0 mg·L-1橙花叔醇即可使大量藻死亡,并使藻细胞丧失游动性;96 h时4.0 mg·L-1橙花叔醇对东海原甲藻的抑制率达到了 99.55%,所以橙花叔醇是一种有潜力的抑藻活性成分.研究结果为进一步探讨陆生植物对藻类的化感作用机理及制备复方抑藻剂提供了一定的科学参考.
Inhibitory effect of Cinnamomum camphora and Ginkgo biloba leaves seawater extract on Prorocentrum donghaiense and analysis of its active constituent
Harmful algal bloom(HAB)is an increasingly serious marine environmental problem in many coastal areas around the world.Prorocentrum donghaiense is the main dominant species of HAB in the East China Sea.Plant allelopathy has the advantages of high efficiency,selectivity,no secondary pollution,and little impact on ecology,so it has become a hot spot of HAB control.Cinnamomum camphora and Ginkgo biloba have been proven to have inhibitory effects on some freshwater algae and red tide algae,but their inhibitory components and mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied.In this study,the defoliations of C.camphora and G.biloba were used to study the allelopathic inhibition effects of their room temperature seawater extracts on the bloom-forming species P.donghaiense.The constituents in C.camphora seawater extracts were analyzed by headspace-solid phase micro extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.The components in seawater extract of G.biloba leaves were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry.The inhibitory components were screened out.The results showed that the 96 h-EC50 of C.camphora and G.biloba seawater extracts against the growth of P.donghaiense were 1.23 g·L-1 and 1.22 g·L-1,respectively.The algal inhibition effect of C.camphora extract was slower than that of G.biloba,but its inhibitory effect on P.donghaiense was more lasting.The cell growth inhibition rate of P.donghaiense treated by C.camphora extracts with a concentration higher than 3.0 g·L-1 was higher than 71.00%at 96 h.C.camphora extract had little effect on the swimming of algae in the early stage of the experiment(within 48 h),but after 72 h of treatment,it could cause the algae in high concentration experimental groups to burst and die quickly.The terpenes of sea water extract from C.camphora leaves were analyzed,and linalool,nerolidol,spathulenol,1,8-cineole,beta-santalene and bergamotol were identified.The algal inhibition effect of G.biloba extract was faster,and the algal cell swimming ability was inhibited after 24 h.After 96 h,the growth inhibition rate of 2.0 g·L-1 G.biloba extract reached 84.61%.The flavonoid compounds in the seawater extract of G.biloba were detected,and catechin,rutin and quercetin were identified.These three compounds have been confirmed to have algal inhibition effect.It was found that nerolidol had an inhibitory effect on P.donghaiense.At 48 h,nerolidol of different concentration gradients had significant inhibitory effects on P.donghaiense(P<0.05).After 96 h treatment,the inhibition rates of nerolidol at 1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0 mg·L-1 were 40.34%,68.72%,99.55%and 99.18%,respectively.The 96 h-EC50 of nerolidol against the growth of P.donghaiense was 1.25 mg·L-1.In addition,nerolidol could rapidly cause P.donghaiense to lose swimming ability when treated for 24 h,but the duration was shorter at low concentrations.After 72 h,the inhibitory effect decreased.The combination of C.camphora and G.biloba leaves is expected to develop a compound algal suppressant with rapid effect and lasting action time,which can play a better preventive role in the early outbreak of red tide in offshore cage culture sea area.Nerolidol is a potential active ingredient for algal inhibition.Studies on the allelopathic mechanism of nerolidol on harmful algae and the synergistic effect of nerolidol with plant leaves or other algal inhibitory compounds can be carried out in the later stage,to provide theoretical basis for the development of plant-derived compound algal inhibitory agent.

Cinnamomum camphoraGinkgo bilobaProrocentrum donghaienseallelopathynerolidol

王文卿、沈盎绿

展开 >

上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海 201306

香樟 银杏 东海原甲藻 化感作用 橙花叔醇

广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金上海海洋大学青年教师科研启动基金

FEEL-2020-9201909

2024

海洋渔业
中国水产学会 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所

海洋渔业

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:1.063
ISSN:1004-2490
年,卷(期):2024.46(1)
  • 52