Progress in processing and utilization of frozen Antarctic krill
Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)has the potential to become a major source of marine protein.Antarctic krill fishery generates value and creates employment through various products,including frozen Antarctic krill,krill meal and nutraceutical products based on refined krill oil.Freezing is one of the main methods to preserve aquatic products.Frozen Antarctic krill is one of main products of Antarctic krill that are produced on board and can keep thermosensitively active components,and has a good prospect of development and utilization.But the process of freezing,storage and thawing may lead to denaturation and aggregation,especially of myofibrillar proteins,resulting in changes in textural attributes,such as reduced juiciness,water holding capacity,affecting the quality and deep processing and utilization of frozen Antarctic krill.The extent of this quality loss of frozen Antarctic krill depends on the rate of freezing,duration of frozen storage,speed of thawing,storage temperature,and temperature fluctuations during storage.Frozen Antarctic krill quality is measured by various parameters including pH,sensory analysis,microbial enumeration,and various chemical analyses.This paper reviewed the progress of processing technologies,storage technologies,quality evaluation and quality changes and thawing technologies of frozen Antarctic krill and the underlying mechanism.Variations in water holding capacity,moisture distribution,protein degradation and taste ingredients of frozen Antarctic krill meat after low temperature thawing,water soaking thawing,ultrasonic thawing,or air thawing was investigated to explore the effect of thawing methods on the quality of frozen Antarctic krill.Meanwhile,the existing main problems of frozen Antarctic krill were analyzed and the future directions were prospected.There is currently unprecedented interest in Antarctic krill as a source of marine proteins and oils and more nations are involved in the fishery than in the past.Therefore,we anticipate that this review will guide China's frozen Antarctic krill industries in the selection of freezing and thawing technologies,and also provide a theoretical guidance and directions for the processing and storage,quality control and deep utilization of frozen Antarctic krill and the development of new freezing and thawing technologies.
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