Pierre Schaeffer's approach of incorporating primitive music into avant-garde compositions remains intricately linked with the colonial heritage of conventional Western society.This article endeavors to strip away the post-colonial filter and delves into the diverse contexts underpinning the prevalence of"modern primitivism"in early 20th-century France.It scrutinizes how primitive culture served as a source of intellectual and creative inspiration for Westerners in the 20th century,adopting a positive perspective.