油菜基质块移栽机苗床带整备装置设计与试验
Design and test of seedbed belt preparation device for rapeseed substrate block transplanter
李心志 1廖庆喜 2袁华 1韩静轩 1王磊 1符明联3
作者信息
- 1. 华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070
- 2. 华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070;农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070
- 3. 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,昆明 650000
- 折叠
摘要
针对现有油菜基质块苗移栽机开沟装置作业存在沟宽稳定性差、沟底面平整度低、土壤扰动大等现象,导致立苗率低、覆土作业难度大等问题,基于船式开沟器腔体大以及芯铧式开沟器作业构建宽苗床、平沟底特点,结合类铧式曲面衔接过度,设计了一种适用于油菜基质块苗移栽机苗床构建的苗床带整备装置.建立了土壤与整备装置互作力学模型,确定了苗床带整备装置构建稳定苗床的主要结构参数.以整备装置作业速度、作业深度、类铧式曲面前端宽度、刃口角为因素,以土壤扰动量、沟宽变异系数为评价指标,利用EDEM开展四因素三水平二次正交组合仿真试验,试验结果显示:作业深度为41 mm、作业速度为0.52 m/s、类铧式曲面前端宽度为40 mm、刃口角为61º时土壤扰动量较小且沟宽变异系数较小;较优参数组合下台架试验得出土壤扰动量为13.01 cm2,沟宽变异系数8.52%.田间试验结果显示:安装在移栽单元上的苗床带整备装置相较船式开沟器的载苗基质块立苗率增加2.09百分点,沟宽变异系数减少13.3%,土壤扰动量减少20.9%,沟底面紧实度增加28.7%,满足油菜基质块苗机械移栽苗床构建要求.
Abstract
A seedbed belt preparation device suitable for constructing rapeseed substrate block seed-ling transplanters was designed based on the large cavity of the boat type furrow opener and the characteris-tics of constructing a wide seedbed and a flat furrow bottom through the operation of the core ploughshare furrow opener,combined with the excessive connection of the similar ploughshare surface to solve the prob-lems of poor stability of the furrow width,low flatness of the furrow bottom,and large soil disturbance,re-sulting in low seedling rate and high difficulty in soil covering operations in the operation of furrow opener device of rapeseed substrate block seedling transplanter.A mechanical model for the interaction between soil and preparation device was established.The main structural parameters for constructing a stable seed-bed with a seedbed belt preparation device were determined.A four-factor and three-level quadratic orthog-onal combination simulation test was conducted using EDEM and taking the operating speed,working depth,front-end width of the brush type surface,and edge angle of blade as factors,the soil disturbance amount and coefficient of variation of ditch width as evaluation indicators.The results of quadratic orthogo-nal combination test showed that the soil disturbance amount and the coefficient of variation of the ditch width was small when the working depth,the operating speed,the front-end width of the brush type sur-face and the edge angle of blade was 41 mm,0.52 m/s,40 mm,and 61°,respectively.The results of bench test under the optimal parameter combination showed that the soil disturbance amount was 13.01 cm2 and the coefficient of variation of the ditch width was 8.52%.The results of field comparative test showed that the seedling bed equipped with the preparation device installed on the transplanting unit increased the seed-ling rate of the substrate block by 2.09 percentage points,decreased the coefficient of variation of the ditch width by 13.3%,reduced soil disturbance by 20.9%,and increased the compactness of the ditch bottom by 28.7%compared to the boat type opener,meeting the requirements for the construction of the rapeseed substrate block seedling transplanter.
关键词
油菜/移栽机/苗床带整备装置/类铧式曲面/机械移栽Key words
rapeseed/transplanter/seedbed belt preparation device/brush type surface/mechanical transplantation引用本文复制引用
基金项目
云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划(202204BI090020)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据