Research Progress on the Ecotoxicological Effects of Microplastics on Amphibians
Microplastics(MPs),with a diameter smaller than 5 mm,derived from materials such as polyethylene,polystyrene,and polypropylene,have emerged as novel contaminants in the current aquatic environment.Amphibians are frequently employed as indicator species for biological monitoring of water pollution due to their distinctive life history and physiological characteristics.Moreover,they represent the vertebrate group at highest risk of extinction.This paper provides an overview of the ingestion and excretion of microplastics by amphibians and the ecotoxicological effects of MPs,discusses the impacts on the intestinal structure and function of amphibians,as well as the combined pollution caused by MPs and coexisting harmful pollutants in the environment.Furthermore,it provides an outlook on future ecotoxicological investigations concerning MPs in amphibians.
microplasticsamphibiansgrowth and developmentbehaviorintestinal structure and functioncombined pollution
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