Objective To analyze the clinical and histopathological characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and understand the influence factors of postoperative prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Case review survey method was used to log in the hospital medical record management system,access medical records,and use medical record information as the basis.721 cases of esophageal cancer patients admitted to the hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 were collected.According to the case selection criteria,306 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were followed up and 261 cases'survival status and prognostic factors were analyzed.Results In the 261 cases,up to the follow-up deadline 144 cases(55.17%)died;the survival time was 0~84 months,the median survival time was 33.00 months and the average survival time was 36.55 months.The results of single factor analysis showed that age,treatment method,periodic review,metastatic lymph node ratio,TNM staging,pathological morphology,hemoglobin and serum albumin affect the postoperative prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(P<0.05).Conclusion The influencing factors for postoperative survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients include age,treatment method,TNM staging,and pathological morphology.Patients who are younger,undergo chemotherapy,have undifferentiated pathological morphology and have a smaller TNM stage have longer survival time.