The prevalence and related factors of maternal anxiety and depression in Shanghai:a multicenter study based on health ecology model
Objective To understand the prevalence of maternal anxiety and depression in Shanghai and to explore the factors associated with them based on the Health ecology model.Methods Multistage stratified sampling method was used.A multicenter,cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023 in Shanghai.Generalized anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7)and patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)were used to evaluate anxiety and depression symptoms of pregnant women.Related factors and their effect size were analyzed based on the health ecology model.Results A total of 1 941 valid questionnaires were collected.Among these subjects,891 were during pregnancy and 1 050 were during postpartum.The detection rate of anxiety and depression during pregnancy were 19.5％(95％CI:0.169-0.221)and 30.4％(95％CI:0.274-0.334),respectively.The detection rate of postpartum anxiety and depression symptoms were 18.2％(95％CI:0.159-0.205)and 23.2％(95％CI:0.207-0.258),respectively.The binary logistic regression model analysis showed that being in the first trimester,gravidity≥2,with history of mental illness,negative events during and after pregnancy,inactive physical activity,worse sleep quality,introversion,lower life satisfaction,less social support,poorer pregnancy related knowledge,unfavorite baby gender,and dissatisfaction with postpartum rest conditions were significantly associated with anxiety or depression symptoms during pregnancy or postpartum(all P＜0.05).Conclusions The detection rate of anxiety and depression in pregnant and postpartum women in Shanghai are relatively high.The factors associated with anxiety and depression are multidimensional.During prenatal and postpartum examinations,close attention should be paid to women with these risk factors and targeted mental health care services should be provided.
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