摘要
目的 分析2021年"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"(简称"学生营养改善计划")监测地区中小学生维生素A水平及影响因素.方法 血清维生素A浓度0.2～0.3 µg/mL定义为维生素A边缘性缺乏,＜0.2 μg/mL定义为维生素A缺乏,将维生素A边缘缺乏和缺乏合并为维生素A不足.对"学生营养改善计划"监测地区6～17岁中小学生开展问卷调查、体格检测和实验室检查,分析其维生素A水平及影响因素.结果 45 702名中小学生维生素A的均值为0.37(0.31,0.44)μg/mL,维生素A边缘缺乏率为18.3％,缺乏率为1.0％.不同性别、年龄组、学校所在地的中小学生维生素A营养状况存在差异.多因素logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示6～＜9岁年龄组(OR=3.892,95％CI:3.303～4.587,P＜0.001)、学校位于农村(OR=1.148,95％CI:1.072～1.229,P＜0.001)、父母一方及以上在外务工(OR=1.234,95％CI:1.153～1.321,P＜0.001)、母亲文化程度在高中及以下(OR=1.169,95％CI:1.046～1.306,P=0.006)、无法保证每天都喝奶(OR=1.155,95％CI:1.075～1.240,P＜0.001)、蔬菜摄入＜4 种/d(OR=1.081,95％CI:1.006～1.163,P=0.034)的中小学生维生素A不足的风险增加.结论 2021年"学生营养改善计划"学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生维生素A边缘缺乏率较高,且低年龄段儿童更易发生维生素A边缘缺乏或维生素A缺乏.母亲文化程度、奶类和蔬菜摄入情况等是维生素A缺乏的潜在影响因素,需社会予以关注和重视.
Abstract
Objective To analyze the vitamin A levels and influencing factors among students in the monitoring areas of the Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2021.Methods Serum vitamin A concentration 0.2-0.3 μg/mL is defined as marginal vitamin A defi-ciency,＜0.2 μg/mL is defined as vitamin A deficiency,＞0.3 μg/mL is defined as vitamin A insuffi-cient.In the monitoring area of the Nutritional Improvement Program,questionnaire surveys,physical ex-aminations,and laboratory tests were conducted on primary and secondary school students aged 6-17 and their vitamin A levels and influencing factors were analyzed.Results Totally 45 702 primary and second-ary school students were included in this study.The average of serum vitamin A level was 0.37(0.31-0.44)μg/mL,the marginal deficiency rate was 18.3％,and the deficiency rate was 1.0％.Differences in vitamin A nutritional status were observed across different genders,ages,and school locations.Logistic regression model revealed that students aged 6-＜9 years(OR=3.892,95％CI:3.303-4.587,P＜0.001),whose schools are located in rural areas(OR=1.148,95％CI:1.072-1.229,P＜0.001),parents working outside(OR=1.234,95％CI:1.153-1.321,P＜O.001)and students with lower ma-ternal education levels(OR=1.169,95％CI:1.046-1.306,P=0.006),students who could not guar-antee to drink milk every day(OR=1.155,95％CI:1.075-1.240,P＜0.001)and consume less than 4 kinds of vegetables per day(OR=1.081,95％CI:1.006-1.163,P=0.034)have an increased risk of vitamin A deficiency.Conclusions The prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency among students in monitoring areas in 2021 was still high,especially among younger children.Maternal education level,in-take of milk and vegetables are potential influencing factors of vitamin A deficiency,which need to be paid attention to by all sectors of society.
基金项目
中国疾病预防控制中心营养所公共卫生应急反应机制的运行项目(131031107000180006)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据