The application and promotion of energy storage lithium battery systems in ships and port areas is an import-ant measure to reduce carbon emissions in the field of transportation and water transportation.The working characteristics of lithium batteries determine the importance of thermal management in energy storage systems,and the temperature change during the charging and discharging process of lithium batteries is the basis for the design of thermal management systems.This article introduces the importance of temperature monitoring from the principle of lithium batteries,and then selects sev-en temperature measurement areas for different brands and different batches of 280 Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries to conduct charge and discharge temperature test experiments at different ambient temperatures and different C-Ratio.Re-search and test results can provide support for the thermal management design of lithium battery energy storage systems and can also be used as a reference for peers.