摘要
为探究冬季空气源热泵(Air Source Heat Pump,ASHP)供暖及机械通风在犊牛舍的应用效果,本试验比较了河北地区使用ASHP的试验舍和无供暖设备的对照犊牛舍在不同通风频率下的舍内外环境温湿度、空气质量、犊牛健康评分和生长性能的差异.结果显示,ASHP的能效比为3.70.与对照舍相比,当风机频率为20、15或10 Hz时,试验舍日平均温度、日平均氨气和二氧化碳浓度均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).试验舍犊牛直肠温度、粪便和总健康评分分别为0.44±0.15、0.17±0.12和1.11±0.20,显著优于对照舍的1.00±0.21、0.80±0.20和3.11±0.70(P＜0.05).试验舍犊牛平均日增重为0.80±0.03 kg/d,有高于对照舍0.72±0.04 kg/d的趋势(P=0.09).研究表明冬季犊牛舍使用ASHP供暖可提高犊牛的健康水平和生长性能,在风机频率低于25 Hz时具有更好的保温效果.
Abstract
To investigate the application effect of air source heat pump(ASHP)heating system and mechanical ventilation in calf sheds during winter,the experiment selected a shed with ASHP as the exper-imental shed and a shed without any heating system as the control in Hebei province,and the differences in indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity,air quality,health score and growth performance of calves under different ventilation frequencies were compared.The results showed that the energy efficiency ratio of ASHP was 3.70.Compared to the control group,the experimental group showed significantly higher daily average temperature,ammonia,and carbon dioxide concentrations when the fan frequency was set at 20,15,or 10 Hz(P＜0.05).The rectal temperature,feces,and overall health score of calves in the exper-imental sheds were 0.44±0.15,0.17±0.12,and 1.11±0.20,respectively,which were significantly better than those in the control sheds,which were 1.00±0.21,0.80±0.20,and 3.11±0.70,respectively(P＜0.05).The average daily weight gain of calves in the experimental sheds was 0.80±0.03 kg/d,showing a significant trend of being higher than that in the control sheds which was 0.72±0.04 kg/d(P=0.09).The study suggests that using ASHP for heating in calf sheds in winter can enhance calf's health and growth performance,with better insulation effects observed when the fan frequency is below 25 Hz.
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