首页|Direct 4D printing of functionally graded hydrogel networks for biodegradable,untethered,and multimorphic soft robots

Direct 4D printing of functionally graded hydrogel networks for biodegradable,untethered,and multimorphic soft robots

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Recent advances in functionally graded additive manufacturing(FGAM)technology have enabled the seamless hybridization of multiple functionalities in a single structure.Soft robotics can become one of the largest beneficiaries of these advances,through the design of a facile four-dimensional(4D)FGAM process that can grant an intelligent stimuli-responsive mechanical functionality to the printed objects.Herein,we present a simple binder jetting approach for the 4D printing of functionally graded porous multi-materials(FGMM)by introducing rationally designed graded multiphase feeder beds.Compositionally graded cross-linking agents gradually form stable porous network structures within aqueous polymer particles,enabling programmable hygroscopic deformation without complex mechanical designs.Furthermore,a systematic bed design incorporating additional functional agents enables a multi-stimuli-responsive and untethered soft robot with stark stimulus selectivity.The biodegradability of the proposed 4D-printed soft robot further ensures the sustainability of our approach,with immediate degradation rates of 96.6％within 72 h.The proposed 4D printing concept for FGMMs can create new opportunities for intelligent and sustainable additive manufacturing in soft robotics.

intelligent and sustainable additive manufacturingmulti-material four-dimensional printinguntethered soft robotmulti-stimuli-responsive soft robotbiodegradable soft robotics

Soo Young Cho、Dong Hae Ho、Sae Byeok Jo、Jeong Ho Cho

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Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,Yonsei University,Seoul 03722,Republic of Korea

Department of Mechanical Engineering,Virginia Tech,Blacksburg,VA 24061,United States of America

School of Chemical Engineering,Sungkyunkwan University,Suwon 16419,Republic of Korea

SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology(SIEST),Sungkyunkwan University,Suwon 16419,Republic of Korea

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National R&D Program through the NRF funded by Ministry of Science and ICTTechnology Innovation ProgramBasic Science Program through the NRF of Korea,funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT,KoreaBasic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education

2021M3D1A204931520021909NRF-2022R1C1C1008845NRF-2022R1A6A3A13073158

2024

10.1088/2631-7990/ad1574

极端制造(英文)

极端制造(英文)

CSTPCDEI
ISSN：
年,卷(期)：2024.6(2)