摘要
夏商周三代的国君世数与积年问题是夏商周年代学中的一个难题.本文通过对《史记》诸本纪和世家的梳理,重建了春秋时期周、秦、鲁、齐、宋、卫、晋、楚、郑等国的世系,并发现其中兄终弟及率与每世的平均年数呈线性关系.据此关系,本文进一步推导了西周积年和商积年,发现推导结果与《古本竹书纪年》的记载较为接近.本文认为《史记·夏本纪》中的夏世系可能缺少了对于兄终弟及的记载,从而导致《古本竹书纪年》记载的每一世夏王超过三十年的情况.
Abstract
The number of reigns and the duration of years for the rulers of the Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties is a challenging problem in the chronology of these periods.This paper reconstructs the lin-eages of states such as Zhou,Qin,Lu,Qi,Song,Wei,Jin,Chu,and Zheng during the Spring and Autumn period by analyzing various chapters of the"Records of the Grand Historian."It finds a linear relation-ship between the practice of younger brothers succeeding older brothers and the average duration of each reign.Based on this relationship,the paper further derives the durations for the Western Zhou and Shang dynasties,revealing results that closely align with the records in the"Ancient Bamboo Annals."The pa-per suggests that the lineage of the Xia Dynasty in the"Records of the Grand Historian"may lack docu-mentation regarding the practice of younger brothers succeeding older brothers,which could explain the observation in the"Ancient Bamboo Annals"that each Xia king reigned for over thirty years.
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