This study conducted soil micromorphological observations of the deposits in the ash pits at two locations,Wangjiazui and the northern slope of Yangjiawan,within the Panlongcheng site.Through thin-section analysis,we determined that the ash pits examined were sites of discarded waste accumulation;however,differences in the contents and soil development levels were observed due to their distinct functional areas.The H15 and H16 pits in the Wangjiazui residential area contained di-verse materials.In contrast,pit H63 on the northern slope of Yangjiawan had deposits primarily associ-ated with nearby ritual sites,dominated by burnt clay and charcoal fragments,indicating a slightly high-er level of soil development and suggesting a lower frequency of use compared to the ash pits in the res-idential area.Additionally,fragmented animal bones and possible ash-related indicators observed in the thin sections provide important clues for future research.