In the evolution of early cities,dietary practices in daily life are closely intertwined with aspects such as gender,social hierarchy,tradition,and ideology,making their study highly significant.This research analyzes 75 human bone samples from the Xin'anzhuang and Xiaomintun sites using sta-ble carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen to reconstruct the daily dietary structure of typical Shang settlements at the Yin Ruins.The results indicate that the population primarily relied on food sources based on C4 plants,with livestock meat playing an indispensable role in their diet.By fur-ther comparing food consumption patterns across different spaces,times,and populations,this study re-veals the variations in resource selection and utilization among different Shang settlements at the Yin Ruins.This understanding contributes to insights into the urban dynamics experienced by residents and provides new evidence of the role of daily dietary activities in shaping social identities.
the late Shang Dynasty at the Yin Ruinsfood practicestable isotope analysissocial i-dentityurbanization