The Liyang Plain features numerous Neolithic settlements with a coherent cultural devel-opment.Utilizing archaeological geographic information systems to analyze settlement quantity,scale,and spatial distribution,we found that environmental factors such as topography and climate are not the decisive influences on the settlement patterns in the Liyang Plain during the Neolithic periods.The in-terplay between macro and micro settlement pattern studies mutually validates and adjusts each other,collectively constructing a model of settlement patterns and social evolution for the Neolithic period in the Liyang Plain.